【作者】 关宏宇；

【导师】 刘益春；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 物理化学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 近年来,一维纳米纳米结构材料如纳米管,纳米线,纳米纤维因为具有基础的科学研究和潜在的技术应用而吸引了很多研究工作人员的兴趣。近年来,电纺技术是一种简单和通用的方法获得连续的微米级别一下的超细的天然或合成高分子、以及纳米颗粒和高分子复合纤维,也可以把高分子和无机盐的复合纤维煅烧后得到陶瓷的无机物纳米纤维。电纺过程中,通过对溶液供给系统的改进,可以得到具有Core-Shell结构或者中空的高分子或无机物纳米纤维,通过对接受装置的改进,可以得到单根或者高度取向的纳米纤维。这种制备无机纳米纤维具有很小的纳米尺寸的直径,高的比表面积以及纤维之间形成的纳米空隙结构,这种具有特殊结构的材料在各领域都有很好的应用价值电纺技术不仅仅在实验室的研究,在工业化生产方面都有很好的应用领域,可以作为广电,传感技术,催化,过滤以及医学方面的器件和产品。以及碳纤维材料的的方法。本论文以电纺丝技术为基础,结合模板法和溶胶-凝胶技术,围绕着一维功能性纳米纤维制备和性能研究开展了以下六部分研究工作:(1)单组分无机氧化物纳米纤维的制备.以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为高分子,分别以醋酸镍、醋酸钴、醋酸铜、醋酸锰、醋酸镁和氯氧化锆反应制得前驱体,采用静电纺丝法制得聚乙烯醇(PVA)/无机盐的复合纤维,经焙烧后分别得到分布均匀、具有多孔结构的NiO、Co3O4、CuO、Mn3O4、MgO和ZrO2无机纳米纤维。(2)无机复合氧化物纳米纤维的制备.以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为高分子,分别以无机盐醋酸镍和醋酸钴;水解得到SiO2和醋酸镍;水解得到SiO2和醋酸锌混合制得前驱体,采用静电纺丝法制得聚乙烯醇(PVA)/无机盐的复合纤维,经焙烧后分别得到分布均匀、NiCo2O4 ,NiO/SiO2, ZnO/SiO2无机复合纳米纤维。(3)采用两步合成法制备了Ag/SiO2,Ag/TiO2复合纳米纤维。第一步分别用PVA/SiO2, PVP/Ti(OC4H9)4为前驱体,采用静电纺丝技术制备的纤维,经过高温煅烧后得到SiO2和纯锐钛矿相TiO2纳米纤维。第二步把无机物纤维,在银氨溶液中发生氧化还原反应得到不同银修饰的Ag/SiO2,Ag/TiO2复合纳米纤维。(4)静电纺丝技术制备聚丙烯氰纳米纤维经过预氧化和碳化得到碳纤维纳米纤维,直接切成圆形的电极片,不需要在制片过程中使用导电剂和黏合剂,研究其在锂离子电池负极材料的性能。(5)利用静电纺丝技术和溶胶-凝胶方法,可以制备高分子和无机盐类复合纤维,通过高分煅烧得到具有纤维特殊结构的生物玻璃,通过在SBF溶液的生长过程发现,制备的生物玻璃具有很好的生物活性。(6)静电纺丝过程中,关于高度取向纳米纤维,核壳结构同轴纳米纤维,以及多喷嘴干产量的电纺热点问题的跟踪研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructural materials such as nanorods, nanowires, or nanofibers, have been actively studied due to both scientific interests and potential applications in nanodevices and functional materials. Recently, Electrospinning technique has been used as a simple and versatile method to obtain of continuous fibers with diameters down to a few nanometers. The method can be applied to synthetic and natural polymers, polymer alloys, and polymers loaded with nanoparticles, or active agents, as well as to ceramics.. Fibers with complex architectures, such as core–shell fibers or hollow fibers, can be produced by special electrospinning methods. It is also possible to produce structures ranging from single fibers to ordered arrangements of fibers. The as-prepared inorganic nanofiber mats possess small fiber diameters and porous structure, which will result in a high specific surface area that is beneficial in a wide variety of applicants. Electrospinning is not only employed in university laboratories, but is also increasingly being applied in industry.The scope of applications, in fields as diverse as optoelectronics, sensor technology, catalysis, filtration, and medicine.In this paper, the series of functional nanofibers were prepared by using sol–gel processing and electrospinning technique. As followed(1)Preparations of Metal Oxide nanofibers: NiO, Co3O4, CuO, Mn3O4, MgO and ZrO2 nanofibres with a diameter of 50-200nm could be successfully obtained by using PVA/inorganic component composite electrospun fibers as precursor through calcinations. The above fibers were further investigated by TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR and SEM, respectively. The results showed that the crystalline phase and morphology of the fibers were largely influenced by the calcinations temperature.(2)Preparations of Metal Oxide composite nanofibers: A series of Metal Oxide composite nanofibers were successfully prepared by employing electrospun and gol-gel technique. First, a precursor mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/cobalt acetate/nickel acetate, (PVA)/silica/ nickel acetate or PVA/silica/ nickel acetate Zinc was prepared and electrospun nanofibers of them were further made by electrospinning methods. After calcinations of the above precursor fibers, NiCo2O4, NiO/SiO2, ZnO/SiO2 composite nanofibres with a diameter of 100-200nm could be successfully obtained. The fibers were investigated by TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR and SEM, respectively. The results showed that the crystalline phase and morphology of the fibers were largely influenced by the calcinations temperature.(3) Ag/SiO2 and Ag/TiO2 composite nanofibers were fabricated through a two-step method: First, SiO2 or TiO2 nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning of PVA/silica or TiO2/PVP composite with a further calcination at 700oC. Then, SiO2 and TiO2 nanofibers were transferred into the Ag(NH3)2+ solution. After the oxide-reduced reaction by Sn2+ and CH3CHO, .Ag coted SiO2 or TiO2 nanofibers were obtained finally.(4) Carbon nanofibers were prepared by the stabilization and carbonization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers which were obtained by electrospinning technique. The prepared nanofibers tissue was test as the Anode Material of Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries。.(5) The bioglass nanofibers with a weight ratio of SiO2 50%-NaO 22.5%-CaO 22.5%-P2O5 5% were successfully prepared through electrospinning technique. The precursor mixture of polyvinylalcohol (PVA)/inorganic components was firstly fabricated into electrospun nanofibers, and then a calcinations treatment was followed. Finally, the bioactive nanofibers with diameters ranging from 80 to100nm were obtained and their bio-activities were further investigated in SBF.(6) Investigations of highly ordered nanofibers, core-shell structured nanofibers and Multiple spinnerets technique were performed and discussed.更多还原