【作者】 冯琳；

【导师】 孙宝生；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 自然地理学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 工业是实现本土优势资源转换的重要链结,同时也是物质能量代谢、污染物排放的主要产业,通过发展循环经济来解决工业环境问题已成为世界各国共同关心的课题。我国西部干旱区工业基础薄弱,生态环境脆弱,人地关系复杂敏感,传统的工业发展模式对生态环境和绿洲稳定已构成一定的威胁。仿照生物种群共生关系构建工业循环经济,对突破干旱区深层次矛盾和资源约束的瓶颈具有迫切的现实意义。石河子位于天山北坡经济带的玛纳斯河流域,既拥有国家级循环经济试点,又具备自治区级循环经济试点。选取石河子作为实证靶区,系统研究循环经济理论在干旱区工业发展中的应用,具有显著的代表性和典型性,不仅能为天山北坡经济带、新疆以及西部干旱区的工业循环经济建设提供重要的示范作用,而且对促进干旱区探索低碳道路、实现跨越式发展也具有一定的理论和实践指导意义。论文主要的研究内容及结论如下：综述了国内外循环经济的研究内容及相关进展,探讨了干旱区工业循环经济的建设理论与技术方法,并以此为基础,尝试运用前期参与研究的环境学与环境经济学原理来解读工业循环经济的产生与运行机制,从环境科学的角度进一步丰富和发展了干旱区工业循环经济的理论基础。以新疆为例,分析了干旱区工业循环经济的发展进程与现存问题。结合“3R”原则,探讨了干旱区工业循环经济的建设目标、原则、思路和模式。其中,建设目标为促使干旱区工业系统达到经济效益、环境效益、资源效益以及社会效益的综合最优,实现经济与环境的协调发展；建设原则包括减量化原则、循环利用原则和优先确保绿洲发展空间原则；建设思路为“一个综合、两类循环、两个体系”；建设模式分为三层——企业小循环的微观层面模式、生态工业园的中观层面模式、绿洲区域协调的宏观层面模式。归纳了石河子工业循环经济建设已取得的成就,并结合其在国家及新疆主体功能区划方案中的定位,进行了工业总链与分链设计的定性分析。在此基础上,运用图论、复杂性科学及网络理论对石河子工业共生网络的复杂性进行了定量研究,结果显示：用物质/能量关联所刻画的石河子工业共生网络具有复杂性、小世界性和无标度性,以局部聚集的相对水平衡量,与神经网络、细菌代谢网络和生态链网络比较相似。以2009年末实地调研所取得的数据为依托,从区域和企业(以天业为例)两个层次分析了石河子清洁生产中的物质集成、水集成以及能量集成,并从政府和企业两个层次定性讨论了石河子工业循环经济的执行能力。以工业共生网络经济效益、社会效益、资源效益和环境效益的综合最优作为目标函数,将非线性的相对优属度作为共生企业产量的权重系数,运用模糊数学和运筹学建立了工业共生网络多目标模糊优化模型。选取石河子相对成熟完善的化工链网络,以新建40万t/a PVC及配套建设项目作为具体研究对象,对石河子工业共生网络进行了定量优化研究。结果表明：各企业基本达到了预期的工业共生效果,电石厂仍有节水节能和减排的空间。模型严谨合理,实用性较强,为干旱区工业资源的可持续利用提供了较好的定量优化方法。以因地制宜、科学客观、动态可比、可操作为原则,构建了石河子工业循环经济测度指标体系(SICEMIS),采用离差权与Delphi相组合的组合权重法确定了指标的权重系数,提出了适合于研究区的指标分级标准,以简明的线性加权法作为评价方法。结果显示：2002-2008年,石河子工业循环经济综合发展指数SICEDI由0.27提高到0.70,整体发展水平由较低循环阶段进入了较高循环阶段。而天业集团的领跑带动作用以及政府对试点建设及节能减排工作的重视和推助是促进SICEDI指数上升的两个最主要原因。通过以上评价和分析,对石河子工业循环经济运行目前尚存的问题逐一提出了相应的对策措施。总结了案例对干旱区发展工业循环经济的启示。指出水资源的优化配置对于干旱区工业循环经济具有举足轻重的作用,技术创新是促进产业链结日趋完善和延展的重要支撑。干旱区工业循环经济实质上是流域循环经济,绿洲循环经济。与非干旱区相比较,干旱区的工业循环经济建设面临更为严峻的挑战和困难,建设模式的限制因子与边界条件具有显著的地区特点,优先确保绿洲发展空间是其重要原则。“一个综合、两类循环、两个体系”的思路对干旱区工业循环经济具有实践指导意义。其中,“一个综合”是科学构建干旱区工业循环经济的前提,“两类循环”可促进干旱区产业生态化与污染治理产业化、动脉产业与静脉产业的有机统一,“两个体系”将为干旱区工业循环经济的持续推进和优化完善提供有力的保障机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Industry is the connector of converting local resources, and the domain of energy metabolism and pollutant discharges. Circular economy as a solution to solve the environmental issues becomes a key topic in the world. With weak industry, fragile ecological environment, and sensitive relationship between human and the earth, the traditional industrial development model has posed threats to oasis ecology. Emulating symbiosis to build circular economy is a key to breaking through the bottleneck of economic development and resource constraints. Shihezi is located in Manas river watershed, which belongs to the economic belt on the northern slope of Tianshan mountains. It is selected as a pilot region of the nation and the autonomy district. Systematic research on the application of industrial circular economy in arid lands will not only serve as a model for the economic belt on the northern slope of Tianshan mountains, Xinjiang District, and western arid lands, but also provide theoretical and practical guidance for exploring low-carbon mode and realizing leapfrogging development in arid lands.The main research topics and conclusions of this dissertation are the following:The dissertation reviews the literature of circular economy in China and overseas. Based on the theories and technologies of industrial circular economy in arid lands, it tentatively employs the environmentology and environmental economics to analyze the mechanism and expands the theoretical foundation of circular economy.Using Xinjiang as an example, this dissertation analyzes the existing and upcoming issues of developing industrial circular economy in arid lands. The goals, principles, approaches, and models for developing circular economy of industry are explored combined with "reduce, reuse, recycle" principles. The goal is to optimize the economic, environmental, ecological, and social benefits and realize the balance of economic development and environmental conservation. The principles include reducing, recycling, and prioritizing oasis preservation. The approach adopted is "one synthesis, two recycles, two systems". The models consist of micro cycle in plants, intermediate cycle in ecological industry park, and macro cycle in oasis region.It summarizes the achievements of industrial circular economy developments in Shihezi, and qualitatively analyzes the industrial chain and inner connections based on the orientation in functional regions plans of the country and Xinjiang municipality. The author further applies graph theory, complexity science, and network theory to quantitatively analyze the complexity of industrial symbiosis network in Shihezi. The results show that the industrial symbiosis network in Shehezi is complex, small-world, and scale-free, similar to neural networks, bacterial metabolism networks, and ecological-chain networks.Based on the survey data in 2009, the dissertation discusses the integration of materials, water, and energy in clean production at region and enterprise (Tianye Co, Ltd) levels and further qualitatively analyzes the implementation capabilities of industrial circular economy at enterprise and government levels.The multi-objective fuzzy optimization model of industrial symbiosis networks is established by fuzzy mathematics and operational research. In this model, the goal function is maximum of synthetical benefits of economy, society, resources & environment, and nonlinear relative membership degrees is the weighted coefficients of outputs. Taking 400 thousand t/a PVC project as an example, the dissertation quantitatively analyzes the optimization of industrial symbiosis in Shihezi. The research finds that every manufacturing plant realizes the target of industrial symbiosis basically, while there is still room for cutting water, energy use and pollution in calcium carbide plant. The model is proven to be precise, reasonable, and practical for sustainable development of industry in arid lands.Based on the principles of "think local, act local", scientific, objective, dynamic, comparable, and practical, the author constructs Shihezi industrial circular economy measurement indicator system(SICEMIS), determines the weights of indicators using dispersion weight methods and Delphi weight methods, proposes the hierarchy levels of indicators, and the simple linear weighting as evaluation methods. The results show that Shihezi industrial circular economy development index is improved from 0.27 to 0.70 between 2002 and 2008, and the cycle degree tends to upper level. It is owing to the pilot actions of Tianye Co, Ltd and driving of government mainly. Countermeasures are put forward to solve the existing issues of developing industrial circular economy in Shihezi one by one.The dissertation summarizes the enlightenment to developing industrial circular economy from the case, points out the key function of optimizing water use in circular economy, and emphasizes the importance of technology innovation in integrating industries. Industrial circular economy in arid lands is in essence circular economy in basin and oasis. Compared to non arid areas, industrial circular economy in arid lands confronts more challenges and constraints, with the unique limiting factors and boundary conditions in development models and prioritization of oasis development. "one synthesis, two recycles, two systems" is key for developing industrial circular economy in arid lands. Among them, "one synthesis" is the premise, "two recycles" facilitates the organic integration of ecological-friendly industry and industrialization of pollution mitigation, and "two systems" is the mechanism of safeguarding sustainable development of industrial circular economy.更多还原