【作者】 胡世辉；

【导师】 章力建； 蔡典雄；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业经济管理， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本文通过标准地调查、查阅资料和遥感分析相结合的方法获得相关研究数据；依据生态经济学、景观生态学,以西藏工布自然保护区生态系统,特别是森林生态系统为对象,首次系统地研究自然保护区森林生态系统服务与功能效应及其价值,并通过生态足迹法研究了该区域生态承载力与可持续发展策略。在水源涵养方面,本文采用了降水贮存量法计算以森林为主的自然保护区所有生态系统类型的水源涵养功能；在土壤保持方面,基于美国农业部的通用水土流失方程(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, USLE),计算生态系统单位面积的土壤保持量；在固碳释氧功能方面,通过该区植被净初级生产力(net primary production, NPP)测算,利用遥感技术和生态经济学方法,计算保护区内固定CO2和释放O2的物质量；其它服务功能的评估,采用了目前生态学中通用方法。在自然保护区可持续发展研究方面,本文主要采用了生态足迹分析法。研究主要结果如下：1.研究了工布自然保护区森林经济价值,分别对用材林、人工林、林下资源、林地等不同用途的林木价值进行了评估。结果表明：工布自然保护区森林资产总存量价值主要由林木价值、林下资源价值和林地价值组成,其价值分别为：1213.9亿元、955.8万元、124.03亿元,工布自然保护区总经济价值为1338.27亿元,其中林木价值占90.73%,林地价值占9.27%。2.研究了工布自然保护区生态系统服务功能,并进行了综合评估。结果表明：工布自然保护区生态系统涵养水源价值为265.23亿元·a-1,保育土壤价值为2.77亿元·a-1,固碳释氧价值为82.24亿元.a-1,净化空气价值为31.46亿元·a-1,游憩功能的价值为2.4亿元·a-1,总价值为384.1亿元·a-1。水源涵养、固碳释氧和净化大气的价值占90%以上,工布自然保护区的生态效益中“水源涵养”、“固碳释氧”、“净化大气”是其主要作用。保护区面积仅占林芝地区的面积18.56%,而其森林生态系统服务功能价值占林芝地区森林生态系统服务功能价值的43.45%,生态价值约为西藏单位面积森林生态系统服务功能的4.5倍。3.研究计算了工布自然保护区生态足迹并进行预测。结果表明：生态足迹分析显示2004-2007年工布自然保护区内的生态盈余一直为正值,表明该区域生态承载力比生态足迹大,属于生态环境和可持续发展度均优良地区。但近年来,该区域生态足迹呈现出上升趋势,预测128年后可超过生态承载力,要保证未来该区生态系统良性循环,必须注意降低生态足迹需求,采取相应有效措施,增加生态承载力,强化保护区的生态保护功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The basic data were obtained through field investigation, integrating line sampling, normal site investigating and the remote sensing data. According to forest ecology, ecology economics, landscape ecology and landscape architecture, Gongbu forest ecosystem was investigated for its service and function effects, and its service value was calculated as well.A precipitation storage method was used to evaluate regional water conservation; USLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model was used to calculated the soil conservation; NPP (Net primary production) and remote sensing method was used to calculated the value of carbon fixation and oxygen release; and other ecological service functions were evaluated by using the method from "Forestry Industry Standard of the PRC". The results are as follows:(1) We studied the forest economic value of Gongbu Nature Reserve, and evaluated the forest-tree value of timber production forest, artificial forest, under-forest resource and woodland resource. The forest asset includes forest resource, under-forest resource and woodland resource with the value of 121.39 billion yuan,95.58 million yuan and 12.403 billion yuan respectively. The tatol value of forest asset of Gongbu Nature Reserve is 133.827 billion yuan, in which the forest resource accounts for 90.73% and woodland resource 9.27%.(2) We studied and conducted a comprehensive assessment of the ecosystem service function in Gongbu Nature Reserve. The results showed that, the forest ecosystems of Gongbu Nature Reserve could benefit water conservation, soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, atmosphere purgation and tourism and recreational function, their economic values were estimated to be 26.523 billion RMB per year,0.277 billon RMB per year,8.224 billion RMB per year,3.146 billion RMB per year,0.24 billion RMB per year respectively, and the total value of forest ecological service function of Gongbu is 38.41 billion RMB per year. Gongbu Nature Reserve accounts for 18.56 per cent of the area and provides 43.45 per cent of ecological service function value of Nyingchi Prefecture, and the ecological service function value per unit area is 4.5 times that of Tibet.(3) We studied and forecasted ecological footprint in Gongbu Nature Reserve. The reslut showed that ecological surplus of Gongbu was positive from 2004 to 2007 by ecological footprint analysis. The ecological capacity of Gongbu Nature Reserve is higher than ecological footprint, and its sustainable development degree is excellent. But in recent years, the ecological footprint of Gongbu appeared a rising tendency, and it maybe surpass its ecological carrying capacity in 128 years. In order to ensure that the value of ecological footprint is lower than that of ecological capacity, the demand of ecological footprint must be reduced, and the the ecological capacity must be increased. The function of ecological and environmental protection in Gongbu Nature Reserve play more and more important role play more and more important role.更多还原