【作者】 吕荣；

【导师】 姜文凯；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 研究目的:运动性疲劳是运动医学研究的重要领域之一,迄今为止对运动性疲劳机理及监测尚存较多研究空白与争议。运动性神经肌肉疲劳在运动性疲劳的发生中占了很大的比例,而其发生的最主要原因源于皮层高级中枢与脊髓低级中枢对疲劳的应答。Hoffmann反射是脊髓水平最简单的单突触反射之一,它是牵张反射的电模拟,是良好的神经生物学研究探针,对研究各类神经反射通路及其通路间的联系都具有良好效果。本文采用神经电生理学的方法来建立大鼠运动性神经肌肉疲劳下H反射参数评价模型,并利用此模型及其引申模型来探讨间歇性低氧训练对人体与大鼠下肢H反射单突触通路的影响。研究方法:以3月龄雄性SD大鼠、专业运动员以及体育系在校大学生为研究对象,采用自主研制的低氧发生装置进行实验研究。首先,建立适宜H反射诱发研究的大鼠神经肌肉疲劳模型。分别应用士的宁、跑台训练、间歇性低氧训练等干预手段,观察不同受试对象低氧训练前后以及疲劳恢复过程中H反射参数的变化特征。其次,建立人体神经肌肉疲劳模型,应用运动训练、间歇性低氧训练等干预手段,观察低氧训练前后以及疲劳恢复过程中H反射参数的变化。最后,比较大鼠与人体实验结论的异同,进一步揭示H反射参数指标在神经肌肉疲劳监测中的应用。在整个实验中,测定疲劳前后以及恢复过程中H反射的相关参数:Hmax、Mmax、H波潜伏期、M波潜伏期以及Hmax/Mmax比值,用以诊断疲劳和评价疲劳发生、发展程度,揭示疲劳发生与恢复机制。所有实验数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行分析处理。研究结果:1、本研究建立了稳定的大鼠运动性疲劳与H反射诱发模型,该模型中大鼠运动性疲劳前后生理状态皆适宜进行下肢H反射诱发研究,并且该模型对药物注射、不同训练手段等多种干预性研究敏感。2、在大鼠半时恢复模式的运动性疲劳,其疲劳发生后H反射参数的主要敏感指标为H波振幅衰减,并且可以通过稳定M波振幅,对H波振幅进行定量分析。3、短跑运动员运动性疲劳发生后,表现为H波振幅衰减,并在短时间内恢复;中长跑运动员运动性疲劳后以及恢复期,表现为H波振幅在疲劳发生前后皆处于较低的水平。4、大鼠两周间歇性低氧训练以及间歇性低氧合并跑台训练后进行的运动性疲劳测试中,在疲劳发生后Hmax发生较长时间抑制,与间歇性低氧干预方案诱发大鼠脊髓水平神经反射调节有关。5、短跑运动员间歇性低氧训练后的运动性疲劳测试中,在疲劳恢复过程,Hmax先降低后升高,该变化与间歇性低氧训练方案对人体脊髓上中枢调节的影响所诱发的下行适应性改变有关。6、两周单纯间歇性低氧训练主要通过改善神经系统氧供而改善人体平衡能力;间歇性低氧训练合并运动训练共同作用,有助于缩短简单反应时,提高人体神经肌肉反应速度。研究结论:在本研究中,建立了稳定的大鼠后肢神经肌肉疲劳模型以及对神经肌肉疲劳评价的H反射参数评价指标体系。本研究以H反射参数作为神经肌肉疲劳评价与研究的生物学探针,揭示了大鼠后肢与人体下肢运动性疲劳及其恢复过程中H反射相关参数的变化规律,并提示间歇性低氧训练等干预手段可能对涉及下肢H反射的神经通路组成成份诱发了短期适应性改变。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: In the fields of Sports Science, the study of Sports fatigue plays a key role. But up till now, we can still find some controversies and unknown fields in the subject, such as the reason leads to muscular fatigue and how to monitoring it. One of the main reason which leads to sports fatigue is neuromuscular fatigue, but the key reason is the fatigue response of central and peripheral system. Hoffmann reflex is one of the basic monosynaptic reflexes in the spinal cord. It belongs to stretch reflex by electrical analog, which is a good way to study Neurobiological and every kind of reflex pathways and the relationship between them. In this paper, the methods based on neurophysiology and electrophysiology were used for establish the H reflex model which can be used to evaluate the neuromuscular fatigue of rat, and to explore the effects of the IHT on the monosynaptic pathway of H reflex in mankind and rats.Methods: In this study, the subjects were male SD rats and healthy volunteers. Homemade oxygen generating device was used in the study. First, a rat neuromuscular fatigue model was established which fit for the study of evoking H reflex. Interventions such as strychnine injection, treadmill training, IHT and so on are applied respectively to this model, in order to observe the changes of H reflex parameters before and after IHT and during the recovery of neuromuscular fatigue. Second, a model of human neuromuscular fatigue was established. Intervention studies of treadmill training and IHT were also applied in this model in order to observe the changes of H reflex parameters before and after neuromuscular fatigue and during the recovery of neuromuscular fatigue. In order to determine the relevant parameters of neuromuscular fatigue before and after the recovery process of H reflex, such as Hmax, Mmax, H-wave latency, M-wave latency and Hmax/Mmax ratio were tested and recorded to diagnose the neuromuscular fatigue, evaluate the extent of the occurrence and development of neuromuscular fatigue and reveal the mechanisms of neuromuscular fatigue and its recovery procedure. By the end of this experiment, we applied SPSS 13.0 statistical software to analysis the Data. Results. 1. We established a stable model of rat’s neuromuscular fatigue in this study. This model is fit for the evoking of H reflex before and after fatigue. And the model is sensitive to the interfering studies of drugs and training methods. 2. The main sensitive parameter of H reflex changed in the half-time recovery procedure of neuromuscular fatigue was the amplitude of H-wave which showed decrease in the study. We can analysis quantitatively the H reflex by stabilizing or fixing M-wave in the future study. 3. Amplitude of H-wave in sprint athletes decreased after fatigue, and restored soon; but for distance athletes, H-wave was in low-status after fatigue and during the recovery procedure. 4. Hmax was suppressed for a long time before and after the neuromuscular fatigue was happened in those rats which under the two weeks of intermittent hypoxia training and which combined with intermittent hypoxia training and treadmill training. Before and after the neuromuscular fatigue, there was a long time suppression occurred in Hmax. It might be associated with the regulation of intermittent hypoxia training to the H reflex pathway in the spinal cord. 5. Hmax in sprinters increased first and then decreased during the recovery process after intermittent hypoxia training. The result might be an adaptive change arose from descending supspinal sources caused by intermittent hypoxia training. 6. Intermittent hypoxia training was useful for improving body balance, and the normoxia training combined with intermittent hypoxia training is helpful to improve neuromuscular response ability and simultaneously improve the simple reaction time.Conclusion: We established a stable neuromuscular fatigue models in this study, and had set up a system of H reflex parameters in evaluating the neuromuscular fatigue. H reflex was selected to be a biological probe of neuromuscular fatigue in this study, and through which revealed the principle of the H reflex changes during the fatigue in man and rat. The results also showed us that adaptive plasticity of the human nervous system associated with the H reflex pathway can be induced in response to intermittent hypoxic training or other interventions.更多还原