【作者】 杨年丰；

【导师】 马亚中；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 钱澄之(1612-1693),江南桐城人,明末诸生。他先是为避党祸,后又因参与起兵抗清失败,辗转流徙于浙、闽、粤、桂等地,崎岖山岭,备尝艰辛。南明桂王永历朝败亡后,顺治八年(1651),钱澄之回到故里。此后,他过着隐居田园和在南京、苏州等地同故交新知交游的生活。钱澄之生平著述,总量在230多万字。归里以后,他先后完成了《田间易学》、《田间诗学》和《庄屈合诂》的著述,又在友人的帮助下,辑集归里后的诗歌为《田间诗集》,还自己整理了诗文作品《田间文集》、《藏山阁集》。在徐乾学等人的资助下,于康熙二十八到二十九年(1689-1690)在苏州完成大部分著作的刊刻(《藏山阁集》与《所知录》因为涉及到南明史事而没有刊刻)。钱澄之是一位醇醇儒者,他从小接受祖、父的教育,儒家思想是他一生思想的主流。在明亡以后,由于家国的剧变而遭遇坎坷、颠沛失所,他在逃亡途中比较多地接触了僧人,一度削发为僧,归里后还对《庄子·内篇》有深入的研究。所以在中年归里以后,佛、道二教的出世和顺时的思想,对他思想的变化和归里后生活态度的转变都起了比较大的作用。钱澄之对经学有很深的造诣,他对自己所著的《田间易学》和《田间诗学》也颇自负:“平生怀抱,毫发未申,惟少有著述,妄谓足传。四十年心血,尽于《诗》《易》两书,颇发先儒所未发。”(《与余诠庐》)而准确地把握了《易》中“变”的思想,使他能把儒家的思想和佛教、庄子的思想相融通。这种融通的思想尤其体现在他归里后的作品《田间诗集》和《田间文集》中。在明末、尤其是清初,钱澄之以诗文著称,韩菼说他“诗歌古文满天下。”(《田间先生八十寿序》)如他的诗歌,作于明末(包括南明时期)的《藏山阁集》和作于清朝的《田间诗集》体现了他不同的生活、不同的思想,也鲜明地体现了不同的风格特点。他的文,体裁多样,政论、史论、游记比较突出,理论上继承韩愈“文以载道”的传统,语言雅洁,不发空论。对钱澄之的研究,此前有一些研究成果,但都与其明末清初辈行甚高的遗民身份不相称,本论文即以《钱澄之文学研究》为题,拟对其诗、文、及诗歌理论成就进行相对整体的把握。论文共分为六个部份。绪论:先对钱澄之研究的历史和现实的状况做一个相对全面的回顾,理清研究思路。第一章:钱澄之及其时代。明清易代让许多明朝士人陷于沉痛,而清朝的“异族”统治更在清朝统治之初激起强烈的反抗。本章将钱澄之个人的行迹纳入明清易代的大背景中,考察他在政治、文化等的历史更迭中生活及思想的变化。第二章:明末和南明抗争时期的诗集——《藏山阁诗存》论:诗史精神。钱澄之历经颠沛困顿、危疑震撼,遂将所见所闻一一托之于诗,忧时事、悲丧乱、吊忠义、悯生民,题材多样,沉痛真挚,可谓“以诗存史”。这种“诗史”的观念既是历史的传承,更是易代之际士人经世观念和责任感的具体体现。第三章:归里后的诗集——《田间诗集》论:沉郁深粹。《田间诗集》中,乐府体诗继承了“诗史”的纪实特点,一定程度上体现了清初社会的真实情况;田园性质的诗歌体现了他归里后的闲适心态;还有一部分诗歌写不甘失败、怀念故国的心情,体现了沉郁、深粹的特点。第四章:《田间文集》论。钱澄之的文秉承“文以载道”的古文传统,不发空言,有人评价为“无色”之文。他的政论、史论文往往多新颖之见,亭台游记性的散文则多体现简洁而寓含哲理的特点。第五章:钱澄之诗歌理论及对其诗歌风格的影响。钱澄之是明末复古派的代表诗人,其诗歌理论核心是儒家“性情论”,他所持的“性情论”不同于明末公安派、竟陵派等的“性情”之说。钱澄之经历明清两朝,复杂的经历使他的诗歌理论在明末和清初又有所不同,诗歌理论具体体现在两个不同时期创作的诗歌中,又使他的诗歌风格有三种不同的转变。结语:在上述各专题的基础上,对钱澄之一生的气节、学问进行综合考评,并给予充分肯定。笔者以为,钱澄之作为一位遗民诗人,不仅以气节高峻赢得人们的尊敬,也以学问的广博和精深受到后人的景仰。更多还原

【Abstract】 Qian Chenzhi (1612~1693) was born in the last years of Ming Dynasty , and died in he early years of Ching Dynasty , within his whole life , previous 40 years was in Ming ynasty , and latter 40 years was in Ching Dynasty , he precisely went through the most haotic time in Chinese history .After Ming Dynasty was perished , Qian Chenzhi joined the resistance to against Ching Dynasty but unfortunately suffered defeat , he went into exile to places such as Zhejiang , Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi , he experienced each kind of danger and great difficulties .Seeing is believing , as a eyewitness of the dealth , the hunger , the disaster , the tyranny , his poems became a precious record of those dark ages , it would be allowed us to say that he preserved the chaotic history by his poem. When he returned home,He continued to engage in writing. On the one hand, His works continued the previous realist style. On the other hand, In his poetry he showed inner indignation.This paper including five main parts , the first part is to discuss the life story , the family background , the personality , the literature , and the social activities of Qian Chenzhi .The secound and third part is to discuss his poetic creation , such as poetic theory , poetic content , poetic style , poetic skill , and the criticism or aproval of concerned scholars. The forth part is to study his artistic achievements of the article.The five part is the research on theory of poetry. His theory inherited temperament point of view of traditional Confucian. His article Inherited the Han Yu’s literary theory, expressed of political ideals, showed concern for people’s livelihood.His theory is a kind of retro point of view,but also different from the theory of contemporary popular.更多还原