【作者】 张小罗；

【导师】 徐亚文；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 基因权利是基于基因之上产生的新的综合性的基本人权。它发轫于科学技术的创新,植根于基因利益的诉求,导源于对人性尊严的保障。从权利属性上讲,基因权利属于基本人权。基因权利是一束新兴的权利,主要包括基因隐私权、基‘因平等权、基因财产权、基因知情权、基因人格权等。对基因权利的保障主要包括宣言保障、立法保障、司法保障。本文除导论外共分为五章。第一章界定基因的相关概念的内涵与外延。基因是gene的中文音译,亦即“基本因子”。是指负责遗传的一小段DNA,通过这一段DNA可以制造出各种蛋白质并进行各种反应,以完成生命过程。基因是每一种生物机体最重要的组成功能单位,是生命的密码,记录和传递着生物体的遗传信息,决定了生物体的生、老、病、死等一切生命现象。作为法学研究对象的基因主要是将其作为一种具有一定经济价值、能为人们带来损益、需要借助立法加以保护的自然资源来研究的。基因组(genome),或称为基因体,则是只一个生物中完整的DNA组合。基因资讯是存在每个人的细胞核中,是基因或DNA所揭露与承载的遗传资讯。每个人的基因信息都是独特的,基因资讯具有预测性、遗传性、永久性。第二章分析基因科技发展与基因权利的产生。一切权利的产生都以一定的经济条件作为基础,离开了经济条件,权利就无从产生,更不可能得到实现。科学技术的发展推动了人们法律意识的变化。人权思想的提出是科学技术发展的结果,科学技术发展引起基本权利的变化。随着科学技术的发展,新的环境产生新的渴望,这可能导致新的权利被提出,基因科技发展导致基因权利被提出。基因权利作为新兴权利,需要证成。笔者认为,科技创新导致法律调整的范围日益扩大；基因利益产生权利诉求；对人性尊严的保障最终导致了新的权利的诞生。第三章主要论述了基因权利的法律性质。目前我国学术界对于基因权利是否应当存在有三种看法：肯定论、否定论以及怀疑论。笔者赞同肯定论。所谓基因权利是基于基因之上产生的新的综合性的基本权利。基因权利的主体非常广泛,可以分为个人主体、集体主体。权利的客体是基因,具体的说主要是基因资源与基因信息。基因权利的内容主要包括基因隐私权、基因平等权、基因财产权、基因人格权、基因专利权等,它是综合性的权利。基因权利是一束权利,并具有基本权利的一般特征,具体表现在：基因权利具有固有性、基因权利的母体性、主体的普遍性等。第四章阐述了基因权利的具体形态。主要包括基因隐私权、基因人格权、基因财产权、基因知情权等。本章分别阐述了基因隐私权、基因财产权、基因知情权、基因人格权的主体、客体、内容。第五章论述基因权利的保障。主要包括宣言保障、立法保障与司法保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 The right of gene is that mounts new comprehensiveness fundamental right coming into being owing to the gene. It commences an undertaking in the science and technology, appealing establishing gene benefit asking, originate from the guarantee to human nature dignity. From right on the attribution, the right of gene belongs to fundamental right. The right of gene is a bunch of right new and developing, includes privacy right of gene, equal right of gene, ownership property of gene, the right of gene to be informed, gene personality right etc. mainly. The guarantee to gene right includes legislative protection, judicial protection and the declaration protection.This article is divided into five chapters, not including the introduction.In the first chapter, the author defines the related concepts of genes in the legal point. Gene in Chinese word is the transliteration of gene, which mean "fundamental factor". It inherits a small section of DNA, through which one DNA can produce a variety of proteins and various reactions to complete the life course.Each gene,called life code, is the most important component of living organisms functional units, recording and transferring the organism’s genetic information, determining the organism’s birth, old age, sickness and death and all life phenomena.Gene, as the subject of legal research, needs the legislation to protect as natural resources.Because the gene has certain economic value and can bring profit and loss for the people. Genome is one complete DNA combination in one organism. Genetic information, which is in everybody cell nucleus, is the genetic informations exposed and carried by gene or DNA. Each person’s genetic information is unique and the information is predictive, genetic, permanent. It leads to discrimination problem, protection of genetic information. It will be a burning problem to prevent abusing and misusing genetic information, and genetic discrimination.The second chapter analyzes the development of gene technology and the emergence of gene rights. Emergence of every rights are under the economic condition.Any deviation from the economic condition,the rights can neither come out nor achieve.Science and technology promote the change of people’s awareness of law, put forward the idea of human rights, lead to changes in fundamental rights. With the development of science and technology, the new environment bringing forth new desire, which may cause new right proposing. The development of gene technology has just derived the right of gene.The third chapter discusses that the gene right is basic human right. At present, there are three kinds of views in the academia of China that whether the gene rights should be exist:affirmative, negativism and skepticism theory. The author definitely agrees with the former. The so-called gene rights can be a new comprehensive basic right that produced on the basis of gene. There is a wide range of the subject to the right of gene, and it can be divided into individual subject and collective subject. The object to the right of gene, specifically contends mainly genetic resources and genetic information. The contents of the right of gene which is a comprehensive right are mainly genetic privacy, genetic equality, genetic property rights, the right to personality genes, gene patents, etc. As the emerging rights, gene rights needs justification. The author believes that technological innovations can widen the range of the legal regulation; the interest of gene will produce claims of rights; the protection of human dignity will ultimately lead to the birth of new rights. The right of gene is a bunch of rights and emerging one, and has the general characteristics of the basic human rights, specifically reflects that the right of gene has the inherent nature, the rights of the parent gene, the quality of subjective universality.Chapter four described the core of the gene rights, including genetic privacy, genetic personality right, genetic property rights, genetic right to information, the subject, objects, content of right to personality genes.Chapter five discusses the protection of the right of gene. It mainly includes legislative protection, judicial protection and the declaration protection.更多还原