【作者】 黄文彪；

【导师】 卢双舫； 江涛；

【作者基本信息】 东北石油大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 近些年来随着深层天然气勘探步伐的加快,松辽盆地南部深层的火山岩和碎屑岩储层中均获得了重大突破,展现了松辽盆地南部深层天然气勘探的广阔前景。与此同时,在天然气勘探过程中发现烃类气藏往往富集在烃源岩附件,而远离烃源岩的区域常常为CO2气藏,源岩的分布控制着烃类气藏的富集。至此,深层供烃源岩的潜力到底有多大?烃类气资源量到底有多少?便成为该地区深层天然气勘探中亟待回答的问题。本文针对此问题对松了盆地南部的英台断陷和长岭断陷深层烃源岩展开评价,在此基础上进行了成藏期研究和气源对比,并综合考虑天然气成藏主控因素进行了有利区的预测和目标井位的选取,有望对下一步深层天然气勘探工作起到重要的指导作用。利用实测的分析化验数据对源岩的丰度、类型和成熟度进行了评价,并应用改进的测井地化评价方法对源岩的非均质性进行了刻画,消除了由于实测数据数据有限所造成的评价误差。改进后的测井地化ΔlogR方法主要是利用计算机自动拟合出声波时差和电阻率之间的最佳耦合关系,使得实测TOC和计算TOC具有最佳的相关性,计算出的TOC能更真实的反应源岩的实际丰度。研究表明,英台和长岭断陷有机质丰度整体较高,类型以Ⅱ型为主,成熟度也基本进入高成熟-过成熟阶段,为有利的供气源岩。热史恢复是烃源岩定量评价的基础,在对英台断陷和长岭断陷分别进行常规热史恢复的基础上,综合考虑火山岩体的热效应,恢复了英台断陷岩浆侵入区域(龙深1井区)的热史。火山岩体的侵入加速了侵入岩周边源岩的生烃进程,在岩浆侵入后短时间内有机质转化率就基本达到90%以上,不利于天然气聚集成藏。在烃源岩定量评价方面主要根据热模拟实验的结果建立研究区的成烃剖面,在此基础上对原始有机碳和生烃潜力进行恢复,并利用化学动力学和Monte Carlo相结合的方法对生排烃量进行计算。首先对测得的TOC和HI进行马尔可夫(Markov)概型分析,根据参数的概型分布特征进行Monte Carlo法随机抽样,进而用这些抽样数据利用化学动力学法进行生烃量的模拟计算,经过多次抽样模拟计算,统计生烃量的概率分布规律,得出在不同概率风险下的生烃量。通过定量计算,长岭断陷沙河子组生气量高于营城组,而英台断陷在反之,因此判定长岭断陷沙河子组为主力源岩,英台断陷营城组为主力源岩。对于天然气成藏方式和成藏期的确定,主要从碳同位素分馏角度和流体包裹体均一温度这两方面进行展开研究。利用碳同位素分馏动力学结合化学动力学,研究甲烷碳同位素的演化趋势,结合实测甲烷碳同位素,从而判定研究区烃类气成藏模式和成藏时期,同时借助流体包裹体的均一温度和热史恢复的结果对天然气的成藏期进行判定。利用天然气的组分、碳同位素和稀有气体同位素以及轻烃组成进行天然气的成因分析,阐述了同位素发生倒转的原因,确定了烃类气和CO2的成因类型。利用天然气的成熟度和轻烃指纹进行气源对比,明确了该地区天然气的来源。气源对比表明,长岭断陷烃类气主要来自于沙河子组,而英台断陷主要来自于营城组。火山岩是深层天然气的主要储集空间,本次研究主要从成岩角度出发,对火山岩成岩作用及其对储层的影响进行分析,总结了对储集空间具有建设性和破坏性的成岩作用类型,在此基础上阐述了研究区火山岩储层的储集空间类型,明确了深层火山岩储层的优越性。在综合考虑源岩、储层、盖层、构造、圈闭等因素的基础上,对实例井进行了成藏主控因素分析,并进行了有利区预测和目标井位的优选。研究表明,临近烃源岩或处于源岩内部的火山岩体是烃类气聚集的有利区,远离烃源岩的区域由于气体分子小、易扩散,难以长距离侧向运移,不易形成烃类气藏。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapide development of the deep gas exploration these years, the volcanic rocks and clastic reservoirs in the south of the SongLiao Basin have got a great breakthrough, showing the bright prospects of the deep gas exploration in the south of the SongLiao Basin. At the same time, gas reservoirs with high CO2 or pure CO2 gas are often found while looking for pure hydrocarbons reservoirs, so far, how the potential of the deep source rocks is on earth ? How much hydrocarbon gas resources there is? This has become the region’s problems in the deep gas exploration which remains to be solved. This passage gives remarks on the deep source rocks in the YingTai rift and Changling depression in the south of the SongLiao Basin based on this problem, then the time of the accumulation of hydrocarbon and the comparition of gas source is dicussed, and we also give the forecast of beneficial areas and the selection of the targeting wells considering the main controlling factors of gas accumulation. It means great guiding significance to deep gas exploration in the next step .Estimate the abundance, type and maturity of the source rock using the measured analysis test data, and describe the uneven value of the source rock according to the improved logging geochemical valuation methods, eliminating the evaluation error the limited measured data caused. The improvedΔlogR logging geochemical method mainly use the computer to automatically fit the the best combination relationship between time difference of acoustic wave and resistivity,making the measured TOCand the calculated TOC get the best correlation so that the calculated TOC can represent the actual source rock abundance better.Thermal history recovery is the foundation of quantify evaluation of hydrocarbon source rock, this study recovers the thermal history of Yingtai fault magmatism invasive area (Long 1 deep well area),based on routine Thermal history recovery of the Yingtai and Changling rift, and comprehensive consideration of the thermal effect of volcanic rocks.The hydrocarbon bisect in the studied area is seted up mainly according to the results of the thermal simulation experiment in the the aspect of quantitative evaluation of source rocks. Based on this, we do the the recovery of the original organic carbon and hydrocarbon potential, and calculate the amount of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion using the method of chemical dynamics combined with Monte Carlo. Firstly, analyse Markov probability distribution of the measured TOC and HI and random sample with the Monte Carlo method according to the probability distribution characteristicsof paraters, and then do the simulation calculation of the amount of hydrocarbon generation using these sample data, after several times of sampling simulation, finding the law of probability distribution of hydrocarbon generation amount and obtaining the hydrocarbon generation amountn under different probability risk.As for the identification of ways of natural gas accumulation and accumulation period, we mainly study from the two aspects of the perspective of carbon isotope fractionation and fluid inclusions. Study the evolution of methane carbon isotope trend using carbon isotope dynamics combined with chemical dynamics. To determine the hydrocarbon gas into the reservoir model and the accumulation period in the study area, also determine the natural gas accumulation period.using homogenization temperature of fluid inclusion and the results of thermal history recovery.Using the components of natural gas, isotopic and light hydrocarbon composition to analysis the origin of natural gas, elaborate the reason of the reverse of the isotope, and determine the origin of natural gas. The maturation of natural gas and light hydrocarbon fingerprint are used to be Gas source correlation, clear the sources of natural gas in the region.Volcanic rock is the mainly reservoir space of the deep strata natural gas,this article mainly embarks from the diagenesis, the influence of the diagenesis of volcanic rocks and it’s influence to the reservoir. Analyzed and described reservoir spaces type of the volcanic reservoir, and cleared the superiority of the deep volcanic reservoir. in the study area.Considering such factors as state of the Source rock、reservoir、cap rock、tectonic activity of casualties , analyze main control factors for hydrocarbon accumulation of the sample well ,made prediction of favorable areas and the selected objective target well position. The results show that the area nearby the hydrocarbon source rock or volcanic rock inside the source rock is the place where hydrocarbon gas easily to get together, because the gas in the area where far away from the hydrocarbon source rock has small molecule easily to diffuse and hardly to lateral move for a long distance,it is difficult to generate hydrocarbon gas reservoir.更多还原