【作者】 张雷；

【导师】 卢双舫； 黄薇；

【作者基本信息】 东北石油大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 大庆油田是我国最为重要的油气生产基地,然而经历了近五十年的勘探开发,大庆油田已进入油气田勘探与开发的中后期阶段,目前正面临着储采失衡、资源接替不足的严峻局面,而大庆长垣以东地区扶余油层具有较大的勘探潜力,是大庆油田精细勘探和近期提交石油储量的主战场。因此,在大庆长垣以东地区开展精细的高分辨率层序地层学及沉积相研究,总结该地区油气富集规律对该区下一步油气勘探、开发具有重要的指导作用和借鉴价值。本论文以沉积学、高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,综合应用地震资料、钻/测井资料、岩心资料以及室内分析化验资料,对大庆长垣以东地区扶余油层进行了系统深入的高分辨率层序地层学研究,并以高分辨率层序地层格架内的沉积微相与砂体分布规律研究及研究区扶余油层各种成藏地质要素分析为基础,从多因素地质条件及其时空匹配关系的角度出发,确定油气成藏过程中各阶段的主控因素,建立扶余油层油气成藏模式,总结研究区扶余油层的油气富集规律,进而对研究区扶余油层油气成藏有利目标区带进行预测。取得的成果与认识如下:(1)依据高分辨率层序地层学理论及技术方法,首次建立了研究区扶余油层以短期基准面旋回为基本单元的高分辨率层序地层格架,并总结了短、中期基准面旋回类型及短期基准面旋回层序分布模式。研究区扶余油层可划分为2个长期基准面旋回,6个中期基准面旋回,26个短期基准面旋回层序;在短期基准面旋回层序的结构类型剖析基础之上,结合研究区扶余油层沉积时期特殊的多物源汇聚的浅水湖泊三角洲沉积环境,总结了研究区扶余油层不同沉积相带短期基准面旋回结构变化与对比关系模式。(2)通过重矿物组合特征和ZTR指数变化特征研究,结合研究区岩石结构特征与砂岩展布特征,对研究区泉头组三、四段沉积时期的物源方向和物源体系进行了分析,并对不同时期各物源体系在研究区内的主要控制范围进行厘定,认为研究区扶余油层沉积时期主要受6个物源体系控制,以南、北两大物源体系为主,各物源体系在不同时期影响范围有所变化。(3)通过岩芯观察、描述和大量的钻测井资料,系统分析了研究区扶余油层的岩石相和测井相模式,建立了反映不同沉积作用和沉积环境的岩—电响应关系。(4)在岩石相和测井相模式及岩—电响应关系建立的基础上,对研究区扶余油层的沉积微相类型、特点进行了深入研究,认为研究区扶余油层以发育独具特色的浅水湖泊—三角洲体系为特征,主要发育浅水湖泊三角洲相和浅水湖泊相,并结合以各中期基准面半旋回为单元的沉积微相平面分布规律研究,总结了研究区扶余油层浅水湖泊三角洲体系的沉积模式,并对高分辨率层序地层格架控制下的储层砂体分布特征进行了分析。(5)应用化学动力学模型对研究区青一段烃源岩的生排烃期及生排烃量进行研究,结果表明,研究区青一段烃源岩在上白垩统嫩江组末期至四方台组沉积初期开始生烃,在明水组沉积末期开始达到生烃高峰期;青一段烃源岩生排烃量集中分布在二级构造带三肇凹陷中东部、朝阳沟阶地以及研究区外的王府凹陷内,生排油中心基本上分布在三肇凹陷中心部位,而朝阳沟地区也具有一定的生排油能力,这与前人对本地区研究的认识有所不同。(6)通过朝阳沟地区扶余油层油源对比表明,朝阳沟地区青一段烃源岩属于成熟型烃源岩,朝阳沟地区扶余油层的油源主要有两个:三肇凹陷青一段烃源岩和朝阳沟本地区青一段烃源岩,且二者对扶余油层的贡献量可能基本相同,这与生排烃史研究的结论相一致,证实朝阳沟地区青一段源岩具有生排油能力及生排烃史研究的准确性。(7)以研究区扶余油层油气成藏地质条件分析为基础,将油气成藏过程划分为油气生成排出、油气“倒灌”运移、油气侧向运移和油气聚集四个阶段,并从多因素地质条件及其时空匹配关系的角度出发,分别确定油气成藏过程各阶段的主控因素。分析结果显示,烃源岩有效排油范围控制扶余油层油气来源以及源内、源外区油气运移方式与聚集条件的差异;青一段源岩有效排烃范围、超压和T2反射层油源断裂组合关系控制油气向下“倒灌”运移的范围、距离及层位;古构造背景、T2断层走向与储层砂体展布方向配置关系控制油气侧向运移的方向、通道和距离;基准面旋回、沉积微相类型与现今构造格局配置关系控制着油气聚集的垂向及平面规律。(8)结合油气成藏地质过程各个阶段主控因素分析、构造发育史、油源条件及沉积微相等研究成果,将研究区扶余油层油气成藏模式概括为以下4种类型:源内-顶生下储式油气成藏模式;近源-短距离侧向运移-斜坡带断层遮挡油气成藏模式;源外-长距离侧向运移-继承性构造隆起带油气成藏模式;多源-多方式侧向运移油气成藏模式。(9)综合各方面研究成果,在研究区扶余油层中划分出3大类6亚类油气成藏区带,并优选出2个有利目标区、4个有利目标圈闭。更多还原

【Abstract】 Daqing oilfield is the most important oil and gas production base in China, however, after a nearly five decades of exploration and development, Daqing Oilfield has entered the later stage of oil and gas exploration and development, currently facing a grave situation of reserve-production imbalances and lack of succeeding resources. However, Fuyu oil bed in Daqing placanticline and its east area has great exploration potential, which is a fine exploration main battlefield of Daqing oilfield that can submit oil reserves recently. Therefore, carrying out research on fine high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies, as well as summarizing oil and gas accumulation pattern in this area have great guiding function and reference value for further oil and gas exploration and development in this area.Guided by the theory of sedimentology and high resolution sequence stratigraphy , based on the seismic, logging, drill core, laboratory analysis and test data, this paper made a systematical and in-depth research on high resolution sequence stratigraphy of Fuyu oil bed in Daqing placanticline and its east area. Based on the study of sedimentary micro-facies, sandstone distribution restricted by the framework of high resolution sequence stratigraphy, and based on the analysis of reservoir formed factors of Fuyu oil bed in the studied area, in view of multiple geologic features and their matching relationship between spatial and temporal, the master control factors in reservoir forming stage were confirmed, the mode of hydrocarbon accumulation of Fuyu oil bed were established and the hydrocarbon enrichment pattern of Fuyu oil bed were summarized, and then the favorable oil and gas accumulation zones in the studied area are predicted. Innovation and acquaintance acquired from above study were as follows.(1) According to the theory and technology of high resolution sequence stratigraphy, a high resolution sequence stratigraphy framework using short-term datum level as a basic unit was first constructed in Fuyu oil bed in the studied area, and the distribution mode of short, mid-term and short-term datum level were summarized. Fuyu oil bed in studied area were divided into two long-term datum levels, six mid-term datum levels and twenty six short-term datum levels. Based on the structural analysis of short-term datum levels, combined the special multi-source accumulation shallow lake-delta sedimentary environment during the deposition period of Fuyu oil bed in the studied area, the structure changes and comparison relationship mode of short-term datum level in different sedimentary phases of Fuyu oil bed were summarized.(2) According to the study of heavy mineral compose and ZTR index character, combined with the rock texture and sandstone distribution character, analysed the orientation and system of source, confirmed the master control range of each source systerm in different periods of the 3th and 4th of Quantou segment.Accounted that the studied area during the deposition of the Fuyu oil bed was mainly controlled by six source system, the north and south source are major and the influence area of every source at different periods were different.(3) Based on the observation and description of core and a great quantity of logging data, the rock phase and electrofacies were systematically analysised, the rock-electricity response mode which reflects the different sedimentation effect and sedimentary environment was established.(4) Based on rock phase, electrofacies and rock-electricity response mode, the types and the character of sedimentary micro-facies were in-depth studied, accounted that the Fuyu oil layer in the studied area was characterized by the unique shallow lake-delta system, which mainly developed shallow lake-delta and shallow lake. Summarized the shallow lake-delta system depositional model of FuYu oil bed in the studied area combined with the research on the plane sedimentary micro-facies distribution of semi-cycle of mid-term datum level, and the distribution characteristic of reservoir sandstones is analyzed under the control of high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework.(5) According to the principle of chemical kinetics, amount and period of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion were studied to the 1th section of Qingshankou hydrocarbon formation in the studied area, the result showed that the hydrocarbon generation period of the 1th section of Qingshankou hydrocarbon formation was begun at the last stage of Nenjiang formation to the beginning of Sifangtai formation in Upper Crataceous, hydrocarbon generation reached to the top at the last stage of Mingshui formation. Hydrocarbon generation amount of the 1th section of Qingshankou hydrocarbon formation was mainly in middle-east area of Sanzhao depression, Chaoyanggou terrace and Wangfu sag which is outside the studied area. Hydrocarbon generation centre was essentially distributed in the middle area of Sanzhao depression, but Chaoyanggou terrace also had the hydrocarbon generation capacity, which is different from the predecessors’awareness of the studies on this region.(6) The oil-source correlation of Fuyu oil bed shows that the source rocks of the 1th section of Qingshankou in Chaoyanggou region are mature source rocks, and there are two oil-sources of Fuyu oil bed in Chaoyanggou region: the source rocks of the 1th section of Qingshankou in Sanzhao depression and the source rocks in Chaoyanggou region. The contribution of the two oil-sources to Fuyu oil bed may be same, which is consisted with the conclusion of the study on hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history, and can confirm that the source rocks of the 1th section of Qingshankou in Chaoyanggou region has the oil generation and expulsion capability, as well as the accuracy of the study on hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history.(7) Based on the analysis of reservoir forming geologic conditions of Fuyu oil bed, the process of hydrocarbon forming was divided into four stages: hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, downward migration, parallel migration, and hydrocarbon accumulation. From the perspective of multi-factors geologic conditions and their matching relationship between spatial and temporal, confirmed the master control features of each estate in the hydrocarbon formed process. The result showed that the bound, distance and layer of hydrocarbon migrated downward were controlled by effective expulsion range of K1qn1 source rock, overpressure and T2 fault assemblage. The direction, pathway and distance of oil parallel migrated were controlled by palaeostructure and the relationship between T2 fault and reservoir. The oil and gas distribution in vertical and planar were controlled by cycle of base level, sedimentary microfacies and current tectonic.(8) Combine with the results of the research on master control factors of every estate in the process of hydrocarbon accumulation, structural history, oil sources conditions and sedimentary micro-facies of research area, the hydrocarbon formed pattern was summarized to four types, they were, Inside source-upper source rock-lower reservoir model, Near source-short distance lateral migration-fault screened in slope zone model, Outside source-long distance lateral migration-inherited tectonic uplift zone model and Multi-source-Multi-lateral migration model.(9) After summing up all the research results, there categories and six sub-categories reservoir forming zones are divided out in Fuyu oil bed, two favorable target areas and four favorable target traps are optimized.更多还原