【作者】 鲍云波；

【导师】 刘扬；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 油气储运工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着大庆主力油田开发陆续进入高含水阶段,外围零散油田作为不可或缺的接替储量正在不断加大勘探、开发力度。但因产量有限,其采油方式除抽油机机械采油外,还有提捞采油;集油过程除管道输送外,还有定期卸、拉油方式。与此相对应,地面采出液性质变得更加复杂,最终带来地面处理系统能耗上升、处理设施运行不稳、处理剂用量增加等各种制约正常生产的问题。本文针对榆树林油田地面集输、卸油、脱水等若干关键性技术问题,通过理论和试验研究,明确了影响脱水站电-化学脱水电场稳定性的各种因素,制定了适合的脱水工艺方案,设计了一种新型的分队卸油池,开展了降温集输生产运行方案优化研究。主要研究成果如下:(1)提捞井采出液的典型特点是聚集了较多的胶质组分、大量的机械类杂质、高含量的无机相硫化物及细菌不断生长繁殖形成的菌胶团,其中各种杂质更易富集于油水界面上形成较厚的界面膜,加之难以避免的长时间曝氧老化,便进一步增强了其乳化稳定性。(2)除适当的含水率、适合的温度条件及用剂的匹配性外,避免机械杂质含量较高的落地油、富含铁的酸化井返排液直接进入脱水系统是解决电脱水器频繁“垮电场”的关键。(3)脉冲供电方式可在不产生电分散的条件下形成具有破坏高强度乳化液优势的瞬时大功率,同时与超声波预脱水技术相结合,可显著减少破乳剂用量,提高原油净化处理效果。(4)研究制定了适合于榆树林油田的脱水工艺流程及脱水技术参数:一段游离水脱除,二段脉冲供电电-化学脱水,脱水温度60℃左右,来液含水率≤30%,处理量30~60m~3/h,操作压力0.2~0.3MPa,脱后油含水率≤0.3%,脱后污水含油量≤1000mg/L。(5)设计了一种新型结构卸油池。与原设计方案相比,该方案可显著降低投资,并具有生产运行能耗低、计量准确、清淤方便、输油泵运行工况更加稳定等优点。(6)以系统能耗最小为目标研究建立了榆树林油田油气集输系统生产运行方案优化数学模型,给出了分层次优化的求解策略,并对榆树林油田4座转油站系统进行了降温集油输送。结果表明,与优化前相比,吨油耗气平均减少8.0m~3/t,吨油耗电平均减少2.3kW·h/t,综合能耗费用平均减少10.9元/t,年节约生产成本170余万元。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the development of major oilfields of Daqing enter the high water-cut stages in succession, the scattered periphery oilfields experience the improved exploration and development to provide the indispensable replacement reservoir. But due to the limited output, the oil production mode includes the bailing production in addition to the mechanical oil production by pumping unit; the oil gathering is carried out through the regular oil discharging and drawing methods beside the pipeline transportation. Accordingly, the produced fluid features more complicated properties, which finally results in various problems restricting the normal operation, such as the increase in energy consumption of surface processing system, unstable operation of processing facilities and rise of consumption of treating agents. This paper focuses on the surface gathering and transportation, oil discharging, dehydration and other key technical problems arising in the Yushulin Oilfield, and conducts the research of theory and test to find out various factors affecting the stability of electric field of electrical-chemical dehydration in dehydrating station, prepare the appropriate dehydration process plan, design a new oil discharging pool in groups, and carry out the research on optimization of cooling gathering and transportation operation plan. The main research results are given as bellow:(1) The fluid produced from bailing well typically features the accumulation of many gelatine, a lot of mechanical admixture, high-content inorganic sulfide and zoogloea formed due to the successive growing and reproduction of bacteria; of which, various impurities more easily gather on the oil-water interface and form the thick interfacial film, which, together with the unavoidable long-term aging of oxygen exposure, can further improve the emulsion stability.(2) In addition to the appropriate water content, proper temperature conditions and dosage fitting, the key points to solve the frequent“field transverse”of electric dehydrator are to prevent the failed oil with high content of mechanical impurity and acidulated returns rich in iron from entering the dehydration system.(3) The HCMP can form large transient power with the advantage to damage the high-strength emulsion without generating the electrodispersion; the HCMP, when combined with the ultrasonic pre-dehydration technology, can remarkably reduce the consumption of demulsifying agent and improve the effect of purifying treatment for crude oil.(4) Study and specify the dehydration technology parameters for dehydration process flow suitable to the Yushulin Oilfield: for the phase-I dehydration of free water and phase-II HCMP electrical-chemical dehydration, the dehydration temperature shall be about 60℃, water content of incoming fluid not more than 30%, treatment amount 30~60m~3/h, operating pressure 0.2~0.3MPa, water content of oil after dehydration not more than 0.3%, oil content of sewage not more than 1,000mg/L.(5) Design an oil discharging pool with new structure. When compared with the original design plan, this one can remarkably decrease the investment and features such advantages as low energy consumption of productive operation, correct measurement, convenient dredging, and more stable operation of oil transportation pump.(6) Study and establish the mathematical model for optimization of oil/gas gathering and transportation system operation plan of Yushulin Oilfield in order to minimize the energy consumption of system, work out the solving strategy featuring optimization in levels, and carry out the cooling gathering and transformation for five transferring stations in the Yushulin Oilfield. The results show that in comparison with the operation before optimization, the gas consumption per ton of oil is reduced by 8.0m~3/t averagely, electric consumption per ton of oil by 2.3kW·h/t averagely, comprehensive energy consumption expense by 10.9 Yuan/t averagely, and more than 1.7 million Yuan will be saved each year.更多还原