【作者】 孙岩；

【导师】 刘俊奇；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 金融学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 中国是一个农业大国,全国13亿人口中有62%在农村,农村尚有3000多万贫困人口。随着正式的商业银行机构从农村市场退出,农村信用社成为唯一和农村、农民紧密相关的正规金融机构,成为支撑农村经济发展的主力军。然而外生性农信社艰难的制度变迁并未取得农村金融有效发展,真正的金融需求者仍然得不到金融服务的满足。农村金融组织越正式,越官化,越有利于地方政府的控制,农民则享受不到自己所需要的金融服务。中国农村非正规金融具有1500多年的历史,因回应了农户内生性的资金需求,适应了农户资金需求规模小、地域分布分散、农业生产季节性的特点,对解决农户资金短缺起到了融通作用,并随着中国农村经济体制改革逐渐演变、壮大起来。但是随着农村非正规金融的兴起,由于金融政策、法律、管理等方面的问题,农村非正规金融出现了许多异化案例,如,标会崩盘、非法集资、高利贷等问题,如何趋利避害、因势利导,规范发展农村非正规金融,探究适合中国国情的演化发展路径是值得研究的问题。中国农村非正规金融经历了建国前的自然演化到政策干预的发展历程,政府压制、打压都没能够使之消亡,反而形成“愈演愈烈”之势。农村非正规金融弥补了农村金融市场上正规金融供给不足,向不能获得正规金融机构资金融通的乡镇企业和贫困农户提供资金,成为正规金融有益补充。实证分析结果表明,农村非正规金融较正规金融对农民收入增长更有效率,对我国农村的经济增长起到了关键作用。在当前的经济发展背景下,辩证地看待农村非正规金融,实现农村非正规金融帕累托效率改进,就要从历史的视角研究中国农村非正规金融演进的深层动因,总结历史经验和规律,借鉴国际上农村非正规金融演进经验,探寻中国农村非正规金融演进模式和路径具有现实意义。本文在基本概念界定和文献梳理的基础上,首先总结了中国农村非正规金融演进的特征,并从一般到特殊两个层面挖掘其演进动因。其次实证分析中国农村非正规金融演进效应。最后在总结典型国家和地区农村非正规金融演进路径基础上提出适合中国的演进路径。本文分为七个部分：第一部分对国内、国外非正规金融相关文献进行梳理。第二部分探讨中国农村非正规金融演进的理论基础,将农村非正规金融作为金融资源的一部分,试图从综合理论视角研究中国农村非正规金融演进方向。第三部分中国农村非正规金融演进伴随中国农村小商品经济和市场经济发展经历了自然演进阶段和政策干涉阶段,历史演进经验证明完全依赖“看不见的手”和绝对依靠“看的见的手”两种极端策略在实践中都未能实现农村非正规金融资源配置的帕累托最优,因而探究适合中国特色的农村非正规金融演进路径,实现农村金融资源帕累托效率改进是非常有必要的。第四部分从市场机制的宏观视角挖掘农村非正规金融演进的内在动因,从中国计划经济到市场经济转型的经济视角挖掘中国农村非正规金融演进的特殊外部条件,并对农村非正规金融进行抽样调查。第五部分从理论和实证两个方面对中国农村非正规金融演进效应进行了分析。用动态演化博弈研究了农村非正规金融演进的动态均衡。第六部分和第七部分在借鉴国外农村非正规金融演进经验基础上,提出中国农村非正规金融演进模式和路径,并提出具体演进路径以及与之相适应的制度安排。第八部分总结全文基础上,提出相应的政策建议。中国农村非正规金融已有上千年的历史,研究农村非正规金融的著作颇丰,但立足中国,从历史演进的视角研究农村非正规金融发展模式和路径是本文的创新之处,并提出自下而上的诱致性制度变迁与自上而下的强制性制度变迁相结合的中国农村非正规金融演进模式和差异化演进秩序的观点,具有前沿性和创新性。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is an agricultural country. There are 62%of 13 billion population in rural area and 30 million population are poor. After formal commercial bank withdrew away from countryside, rural credit cooperatives became the only formal financial institution that has the closed relationship with farmers and finances the development of rural economy. However institution changes of exogenous rural credit cooperatives didn’t take an effective rural finance development path. The intrinsic funds demander can not be satisfied. The more formal rural financial institution is, the more favorable for the local government to control. The famer still can not get the required finance service.China rural informal finance has over 1500 years history. It is a response to the heterogeneous demand of the households, has small amount, scatters and seasonal characteristics to provide finance to farmers. It grows faster with the China’s rural economy reform. With the development of rural informal finance there are many alienation cases owing to the finance policy, law and regulations, e.g. the crash of ROSCA, pooling funds illegally, usury etc. How to guide adroitly it’s actions according to circumstances, foster it’s strengths and circumvent weaknesses to develop further rationally, which is worthy of exploring an evolution path suitable for the conditions of China.China’s rural informal finance experienced natural evolution before the establishment of PRC to the stage intervened by the government policy. That the government had been taken suppressing and elimination policy can not make it disappeared, to the contrary it develops faster and stronger. Rural informal finance compensates the shortage of formal finance in rural finance market. It supplies the funds to township enterprises and poor households who can not financed by formal banks. The result of empirical analyze show that informal finance is more effective compared with formal finance and plays a key role in rural economic growth. With the development of economy, to treat the rural informal finance critically and improve it’s Pareto efficiency, which is necessary to research the deeper evolution reasons of rural informal finance from the history aspect. It has practical significance to research the history experience and specified laws, to be guided by the rural evolution path of other countries and explore China rural informal finance evolution pattern and path.The paper based on the basic definitions, collection and collation of literature. First, to explain the characteristics of China’s rural informal finance evolution and dig it’s heterogeneous and special reasons. Secondly, to analyze empirically the effects of China rural informal finance. Lastly, to make conclusions for the evolution of other countries and put forward the evolution path suited for us. The paper includes seven parts:Part I is the review of the literatures.Part II is the basic theory of China rural informal finance. Take the rural informal finance as a part of finance resource to research the evolution pattern and path of China’s rural informal finance from the synthetic point.Part III China’s rural informal finance experienced from natural development to the stage intervened by the government policy with the development of pretty commodity economy and market economy. The history proved that both extremely strategies-being dependent completely on the "invisible hand" and "visible hand" can not reach Pareto Optimum of rural informal finance resource. It is very necessary to explore an evolution path of rural informal finance suitable for China characteristics to improve Pareto efficiency.PartⅣexplores the inner reasons of rural informal finance evolution from market mechanism and the special reasons under the condition of transition economy point, make field research in Liaoning Province.Part V analyzes China’s rural informal finance effect from theoretical and empirical aspects. Rural informal finance is not only the allocation pattern of rural finance resource but also play a key role to support rural economy growth. But this effect is reached under certain restrained conditions.Part VI and Part VII guided by the experience of foreign country rural informal finance evolution, China’s evolution pattern and paths, compatible institution arrangement are put forward.PartVIII the policy suggestions are given based on the conclusion of the paper.There are many publications in the history of development of China’s rural informal finance. However it is the creation to research the evolution pattern and paths rooted on the historical evolution point of China. The idea that the different evolution patterns and orders of China’s rural informal finance-the induced institutional changes from down to up combined the compulsive institutional changes from up to down and three paths is creative and cutting-edge.更多还原