【作者】 刘丽伟；

【导师】 张奎良；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 福利和福利国家概念在当代社会和政治思潮中居于主导地位,它一经产生就成了自由与平等、公平与效率、权利与义务等理论分歧争论的焦点。福利和福利国家已不仅仅与公共政策有关,它们更与自由、公正等政治哲学的基本命题密切相连。福利与福利国家的讨论始终渗透着功利主义、权利、个人主义和集体主义等各种社会哲学理论。伴随着道德取向的福利思考的再度兴起,自由主义的福利理论受到重大冲击,民主社会主义的福利观也做出相应调整。福利概念与正义、平等、自由和权利等价值判断间的关系密不可分,“福利”、“福祉”和“需要满足”等已成为国家干预或强制实施一系列制度和政策的理论基础。本文从政治哲学的角度,以英国为案例,在理论和实践两个层面解析了福利国家的产生、发展、危机与改革,力图通过马克思主义理论洞察福利国家演进的本质内涵,并追寻福利及社会保障的道德诉求,进而探索文明社会中,如何实现对人的尊重和人的生存价值的意义。论文首先梳理了福利国家的思想理论渊源,探讨了自由主义、民主社会主义和公民权理论的福利观和福利思想。其次,继福利国家理论渊源讨论后,对从“二战”后英国福利国家的建成、发展到撒切尔保守主义改革,再到英国“新工党”的民主社会主义第三条道路福利改革实践活动进行了历时性的分析。第三,继具体层面的分析之后,概括提炼出当代英国及其他福利国家普遍存在的理论困境与实践困境。第四,由理论与实践困境来反思福利国家的理论。从对福利国家的理论困境的反思入手,探讨了正义、平等与福利国家间的关系,并运用第三条道路的平等主义理论折射出英国福利国家的价值追求,运用马克思的社会有机体理论,揭示出福利国家实践活动的哲学本质,并最终指向福利制度的满足人的需要与幸福,及实现人的全面发展的终极目标的追求的论证。论文最后的结语部分探讨了中国和谐社会构建中,从福利国家的理论与实践分析中可能的借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 In contemporary social and political thoughts, the concepts of welfare and welfare state are in the dominant position. Once born, it has become the focus of the theoretical debates between freedom and equality, equity and efficiency, rights and obligations. Welfare and welfare state has not only related to public policies, but also the basic political philosophy issues, such as freedom and justice. Discussions of welfare and welfare state have always been permeated with utilitarianism, rights, individualism and collectivism. As the revival of moral orientation of the welfare reflection, liberal theory of welfare suffered significant impacts, the welfare ideas of democratic socialism are also in an adjustment. The relationships between welfare and justice, equality, freedom and right are inseparable.’Welfare’,’happiness’and’satisfaction of needs’ have become theoretical foundation of state intervention or a series of compulsory implementing institutions and policies.From the perspective of political philosophy, taking Britain as an example, the paper analyzes the formation, development, crisis and reform of welfare state both in the theoretical and practical level; tries to seek the insights of the evolution of the welfare state by Marxist theory; searches the moral appeals of welfare and social security; explores how to realize human respects and the value of human existence in civilized society. Firstly, the paper explains the ideological and theoretical origins of welfare state; discusses the welfare ideas of liberalism, democratic socialism and citizenship theory. Secondly, the paper carries out a diachronic analysis, including the formation and development of British welfare state after World WarⅡ, conservative reforms by Thatcher, and British New Labour party’s democratic socialist Third Way welfare reform activities. Thirdly, following the specific level’s analysis, the paper summarizes to extract theoretical and practical dilemmas which generally exist in modern Britain and other welfare states. Fourthly, reflects the theory and practice of welfare state. By reflecting the theories of welfare state, the paper demonstrates the relationships between justice, equality and welfare state; reflects the pursing value of British welfare state by the egalitarianism of the third way; reveals the philosophical essence of welfare state’s practice by applying Marxist social organism theory; and ultimately focuses the argument about how welfare system can satisfy human needs, happiness, self-fulfillment and the ultimate goal of comprehensive development of human being. Finally, in the conclusion part, the paper discusses the possible learning experiences from the theory and practice of welfare state in building a harmonious society in China.更多还原