【作者】 陶立霞；

【导师】 张政文；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 作为西方哲学中最古老问题之一的目的论,在人类发展走向现代性的进程中,逐渐走向衰落。在反思近代西方理性文化的基础上,康德走上了理性的批判,建立了庞大而深刻的批判哲学思想体系,奠定了自己在思想界令人瞩目的地位。由于独特而深刻的哲学思想底蕴,康德以人是目的为核心缔造出了个性鲜明、体系相对完整的目的论思想。具体地说,康德从人出发对人类生存的目的,人与自然目的关系、人类发展的目的作出了独到的理解。实际上,这三个问题之间是有着内在逻辑理路的。康德目的论的核心问题是解决人类生存的最终目的,而这一目的必然在感性现实世界中得以实现,进而延展到人类生存的目的与整个自然界之关系的思考中。同时,只有在人类历史发展的进程中这一目的才能得以实现,这就涉及到了人类历史发展的最终目的。人是目的是康德对“人是什么”的最终回答,也是自文艺复兴以来,人摆脱神的束缚、逐渐走向独立、自觉的进程中形成的理论结晶。康德目的论所蕴含的合理性精神在马克思哲学中得到了阐扬,马克思哲学超越并推进了康德目的论理论的革命性成果。如何走出当代人类生存困境已经成为诸多思想家关注的焦点性问题,而从目的论中寻找摆脱危机的良策成为当代一部分思想家的主要研究路数。康德目的论体现着一位伟大的思想家对人类生存与发展的关心和警醒,对摆脱当代人类生存危机具有重大启示意义。同时,我们可藉此研究,以更深入的思使得我们对目的论这一哲学理论的根本性质及其当代意义的整个视域有所改观,瓦解当代诸哲学流派对目的论的遮蔽。更多还原

【Abstract】 Teleology as one of the oldest theory in the Western philosophy, guradually declined, in the process of human development towards modernity. On the basis of the reflection of rational culture of modern Western, Kant took rational criticism, and established a large and profound ideology of critique philosophy.Due to the unique and profound heritage of philosophy, Kant created a distinct individuality、relatively complete system of teleological thinking, to the core that people is the purpose.Specifically, Kant made a unique understanding on the purpose of human existence, the relationship of the purpose of human existence and nature,the purpose of human development.In fact,there are Logical thinking on the inner between three issues.the core issue of Kant’s teleology is to solve the ultimate purpose of human existence,and the purpose must be realized in the Real world, And then,Extended to the thinking between the relationship of the purpose of human existence and nature.At the same time, the purpose only can be achieved in the development of human history,and it involves the ultimate purpose of development of human history. Human-head is kant’ultimate answer to the purpose of human existence, is also crystallization of the theory formed in the process that people shaked off the shackles of of God,gradually become independent, self-conscious, since the Renaissance in the Western. The re-rational spirit that inherent in Kant’s teleology had been extolled in the Marxist philosophy, the Marxist philosophy advanced and promoted the revolutionary results of Kant’s teleology.The question that how walk out of the dilemma of Human survival have become the focus of many issues, and It is main direction of Research that many thinker find out good way from the traditional teleology in the modern times.Kant’s teleology embodies a great thinker’the care and vigilance to survival and development of the human, there are important significance to the thing that the human Get rid of the crisis of the survival of the human.In addition, taking the research, we can further think in order to make improve to the entire view of the fundamental nature and contemporary significance of the teleology,and to collapse the shelter of the Various schools of contemporary philosophy to the teleology.更多还原