【作者】 卞浩宇；

【导师】 王国平；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 1807年马礼逊来华传教,标志着基督教新教在华传教事业的开端,同时也正式揭开了晚清来华西方人汉语学习与研究的序幕。面对种种不利因素,马礼逊凭借其坚忍不拔的意志和不懈努力,很快掌握汉语并终成一代汉学大师。多年在华传教经历让马礼逊意识到,汉语学习对确保在华传教的顺利进行至关重要,为此他一方面大力呼吁推广汉语学习,另一方面积极创办汉语培训机构推广汉语教学。此外,马礼逊还编纂了中国第一部汉英、英汉字典、首次将《圣经》全文翻译成中文,并出版多部汉语研究论著,为日后来华西方人汉语学习与研究提供了巨大帮助。继马礼逊之后,英、美等国来华传教士也纷纷加入到汉语学习与研究大潮中来。由美部会来华传教士裨治文创办的中国境内第一份英文报刊《中国丛报》以较为客观公正的报道和丰富翔实的史料,很快便成为这一时期西方了解、认识中国的主要媒介。从1832年创刊至1851年停刊,来华传教士们以《中国丛报》为交流平台,撰写、发表了大量研究性文章,从多个角度对汉语学习与研究等问题展开热烈讨论,掀起了一轮汉语学习、研究热潮,其研究成果在很大程度上代表了这一时期来华西方人汉语学习与研究的最高水平。两次鸦片战争迫使中国门户渐次开放。随着传教活动日益深入到中国各地,来华传教士们不得不面对中国的众多方言,于是方言学习和研究又成为这一时期来华传教士汉语学习与研究的新特点。另一方面,西方各国在华设立领事馆,出于自身职业需求,来华外交官们亦加入到汉语学习与研究浪潮中,其中又以英国外交官威妥玛、翟理斯的研究最为突出。此外,这一时期汉语培训机构的蓬勃发展,也有效地实现了来华西方人汉语学习模式从个体学习为主向以学校为中心的课程教育之转变。作为晚清时期形成的一种特殊的中、英混合语言,“别琴英语”无论在语音、词汇以及语法等方面均深受汉语语言影响。因此,“别琴英语”在解决中西民间交往语言障碍的同时,也成为来华西方人认识、了解汉语的一种特殊渠道。从历史的角度对晚清来华西方人汉语学习与研究进行系统梳理和总结,不仅能够填补学术界在该领域的空缺,完善学科发展;还能为今天西方人学习汉语提供丰富、珍贵的历史文献资料和经验,同时对当代对外汉语教学理论的深化也具有十分重要的借鉴和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 1807, Robert Morrison came to China for the dissemination of Christianity, which marked the beginning of the Protestant missionary enterprise, and also raised the curtain of the learning and researching of the Chinese language of the Westerners who came to China in the Late Qing Dynasty. In face of a variety of adversities, Morrison, relying on his affirm will and persistent efforts, soon grasped the Chinese language and became the renowned sinologist of his time. Morrison realized that the learning of Chinese was crucial to ensure the success of the dissemination of Christianity in China. Therefore, he appealed for the extending of Chinese learning, and established the training schools for the promotion of Chinese learning and teaching. In addition, Morrison himself compiled the first Chinese-English dictionary of China, translated the whole version of Bible into Chinese for the first time, and published a series of works on Chinese learning and researching. His work provided other Westerners with huge help in the aspect of Chinese learning and researching.Following Morrison, many American and British missionaries who came to China also joined the tide of Chinese learning and researching. The Chinese Repository, which was the first periodical issued in China, based on its objective reports and accurate data, became the major media through which the West knew China. Form 1832 to 1851, the missionaries coming to China, published large quantities of academic articles in the Chinese Repository, setting off animated discussions on problems related to Chinese learning and researching from various perspectives, which represented the highest level on Chinese learning and researching.The Chinese door was forced to open after the First and Second Opium Wars. With the development of missionary enterprise, missionaries coming to China had to face various Chinese dialects. Therefore, the learning and researching of Chinese dialects had become a new feature at that time. On the other hand, consuls of Western countries joined the tide of Chinese learning and researching, too, in order to meet the demands of their work. Besides, the development of the training schools had brought about the shift from the model of individual-centered learning to the model of school-centered course teaching effectively.As a special language formed in the Late Qing Dynasty, Pidgin English was greatly influenced by the Chinese language in the aspect of phonetics, vocabulary and grammar, etc. Therefore, Pidgin English not only removed the linguistic barrier between Chinese and Westerners, but also became a special way to understand and learn Chinese for Westerners’coming to China.Systematizing and summarizing the learning and researching of the Chinese language of the Westerners coming to China in the Late Qing Dynasty, will not only help to fill in the blank in the academic field as well as perfect the development of the related disciplines, but also provide rich and valuable historical data and experiences for Westerners of today who want to study Chinese. At the same time, this research also has the historical and realistic significance for the deepening of the theories in the field of Chinese learning and teaching to Westerners.更多还原