【作者】 裴科；

【导师】 张刚；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 电路与系统， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 在半导体工艺技术发展、摩尔定律以及需求增长的多重驱动下,未来SoC/NoC的集成度和复杂性将继续增大。按照ITRS 2009年报告预测,到2020年单个芯片上的晶体管数目将达到100亿个。届时单个芯片上将集成数以千计的IP核,包括通用处理器GPP核、数字信号处理器DSP核、专用处理器ASIP核、算法组件核以及存储单元核等。在这样大规模的多核SoC设计中,各个IP核之间如何互联通信以及众多IP核资源如何管理和有效利用成为研究者们亟待解决的重要课题。因此,未来多核SoC必须从总线体系结构和IP服务架构上进行创新性设计,才能够从根本上解决高性能、低功耗、并行性和可扩展性强的片上通信系统的诸多瓶颈问题。这已经成为近年来学术界和产业界研究的热点领域。坚持“今天的PC世界,就是明天的SoC空间”的理念,将PC世界的应用软件、操作系统、通信协议和算法等极大化地嵌入到下一代多核SoC(NoC)中。把面向服务体系结构(SOA)引入到异构嵌入式多资源结点及多核处理器系统设计中,尝试在多核SoC硬件模型上建立面向服务的语义描述,开拓一种非传统操作系统概念的多元资源SoC的资源管理方法。在上述研究背景下,本文主要在以下三个方面对未来多核SoC的总线架构、片上通信和资源管理问题进行了探索性研究:(一)针对嵌入式系统SoC资源和应用领域多元化的趋势,提出了多元资源嵌入式系统(PRES)和多元资源片上系统(PRSoC)的概念;借鉴互联网的思想,从总线架构的角度对未来单硅片内拥有成千上万个IP核资源的SoC/NoC进行模型设计,为从体系结构上彻底解决片上通信的瓶颈问题,将网络技术应用到芯片设计中;提出了基于NoC、采用一种非对称片内单向串行只写总线(OWOCSB)互联多元资源结点的PRSoC硬件模型,并在该模型中实现了8051单片机IP核、硬盘控制器IP核和以太网控制器IP核等;利用Mesh网络拓扑结构实现多资源结点的深度互联扩展,形成一个具有多元资源结点架构的多元资源结点网络(PRNN)模型;(二)提出并设计了一种基于PRSoC硬件模型的资源访问协议——统一资源访问协议(URAP),为具有多元资源结点架构的SoC应用程序提供统一的接口和规范,使得用户可以透明的访问到PRSoC系统中所有末梢资源结点,完成对系统中混杂资源的统一管理;通过对PRSoC中各类资源结点进行应用角色和操作功能划分,提出了一种基于URAP的面向角色资源管理框架(RO-RMF)。(三)在PRSoC硬件模型中的主资源结点和从资源结点间建立了基于URAP和RO-RMF的语义层模型,形成了“需求—语义—实现”的片内三层服务架构;并采用UML构建了基于PRSoC三层服务架构的文件系统模型和基于MPI硬件加速模块并行算法模型实例。最后,设计实现了一套集多个异构处理器和多种外设资源于单板的PRSoC板级原型机系统。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of semiconductor process technology, Moore’s Law and the growth in demand, the integration and complexity of SoC/NoC will continue to increase in the future. According to the ITRS forecasts in 2009, the number of transistors on a single chip will reach to 10 billions in 2020. Then thousands of IP cores will be integrated on a single chip, including the general purpose processor (GPP) cores, DSP cores, ASIP cores, arithmetic components cores, storage unit cores and so on. In such large-scale multi-core SoC designs, the communication among various IP cores and the management and effective utilization of resources is an important issue to be solved. In order to solve many bottlenecks of on-chip communication system, such as the high-performance, low power, parallel and scalable, we must make an innovative design for the future multi-core SoC on bus architecture and IP services structure. It has been an academic and industry research focus.“Today’s PC world is tomorrow’s SoC space”, the software applications, operating systems, communication protocols and algorithms in the PC world are embedded in the design of PRSoC (software hardening) to maximize. The service-oriented architecture (SOA) is introduced into the heterogeneous embedded multi-node resources and multi-core processor system design. The service-oriented semantic description will be established on the PRSoC hardware model, and the PRSoC management which is different from the traditional operating system will be exploited. This paper mainly studies the following three aspects on PRSoC, the communications of NoC architecture and resource management.(1) The concept of polynary resources embedded systems and polynary resources SoC are proposed according to the SoC resources for embedded systems and the trend of diversification of applications. Drawing on the Internet thinking, the model for future NoC, which has tens of thousands of resource IP core in a single silicon chip, is designed from the architectural point; to address the on-chip network traffic bottlenecks, the network technology is applied on SoC design. The architecture of PRSoC is proposed based on NoC, which uses One-way Write-Only Chip Serial Bus (OWOCSB). Then 8051 MCU IP core, hard disk controller IP core and the Ethernet controller IP core, etc. are implemented in PRSoC model; the Mesh network topology are used for the depth of polynary resources interconnected expansion, and the polynary resources network nodes model (PRNN) is formed.(2) The uniform resource access protocol (URAP) based on the PRSoC hardware model is proposed and implemented, which provides the unified interface and norms for the SoC with polynary resources architecture. Users can transparently access to all peripheral nodes of the system, and manage the mixed resources of PRSoC in unified way; The role-oriented resource management framework (RO-RMF) are proposed based on the URAP by partitioning the application roles and operational functions of all types of PRSoC resources.(3) The semantic layer model based on URAP and RO-RMF is established between the master resource node and the slave resource nodes of the PRSoC; a "requirement– semantics– achievement" three-layer service architecture on-chip is formed. The file system based on PRSoC three-layer service architecture and parallel algorithm model instance based on MPI hardware accelerator are built by using UML. Finally, A PRSoC board-level prototype system is implemented, which has a set of multiple heterogeneous processors and multiple peripherals.更多还原