【作者】 罗军刚；

【导师】 解建仓；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 现代水利需要信息技术。水信息应用问题突显,但有其特点。要共享资源、整合应用,就要水信息综合集成：大手笔的服务平台、组件化的信息处理、创新的应用模式。深入理解需求,用知识图关联信息、组织应用过程、描述事件和主题,把数据、信息、知识可视化,用图来存贮经验、用事例推理来延长应用；把业务处理方法和模型组件化、规范化；按主题提供信息服务、按需要提供计算服务、按个性化提供决策服务；从高性能计算和可视化表现,创建平行系统,开展计算实验；把卫星遥感图片及实景拍摄照片组合应用,由多元信息及全局影像的发展变化,挖掘信息价值；以人为主,实现“人机结合”,在综合集成服务平台下提供信息、知识、决策服务。由平台、组件、主题、知识图、可视化工具组成新模式：由平台支持应用；由组件、主题、知识图快速组织应用；由丰富的多元信息可视化直观表现应用。在个性化定制应用和相关行业标准制订中,发挥行业导向作用,逐步推广新的应用模式。论文取得的主要成果如下：(1)采用知识图实现知识的可视化表达,并把知识图著作工具产品化。①以基于过程的知识获取、表达为手段,建立水信息与知识的知识图,把应用业务知识图化。采用知识图来关联信息、组织应用过程中的信息、描述事件和应用主题。②研究知识图方法支持下的人—机结合机理。从信息感知、融合的角度,运用实证和经验总结的方法,研究水信息应用过程中专家运用知识及知识图的过程,实现知识共享与传递的机制、规律,并研究提高知识传递效率的途径。③研究知识图方法支持的群体智慧形成机理。运用实证的方法,研究基于知识图的个体智慧转变为群体智慧的机制、规律,并支持群体创意,引导专家群体进行深入的分析与论证。通过群体专家之间进行知识传递,形成“群体记忆”,促进群体智慧的产生。(2)与水信息应用中具体业务适应,按照组件开发标准,开发表现层和业务层组件。扩大传统模型对信息的依赖,发展新模型,并逐步组件化。不断丰富,建成应用组件库。利用组件库(已有了一定基础),解决应用系统构造、知识资源共享问题,规范组件应用的流程及服务组合,为快速集成和组建不同应用,创建人机结合综合集成平台打基础,并结合平台促进新模式的推广,逐步构建一个支持专家群体研讨的“知识场”。(3)采用中间件、网格、综合集成研讨厅等技术构建综合服务平台体系。采用平台提供数据、信息、知识的综合集成；用平台提供三个服务：按照主题提供信息服务、按照需要提供计算服务、按照个性化组织应用提供决策服务；用平台建立具有开放的可以增长的知识体系,使系统具有方便服务、切近实用、长久生命力；在平台上用知识图来存贮经验、用事例推理来延长应用；通过决策知识集成与评价,发掘优秀决策知识,总结、提炼规律,从定性到定量,更好地提供服务。(4)对具体应用主题,采用平台支持的模式,开展个性化的应用。以基于平台的洪水预报、水库调度和应急管理为实例,把主题用一系列的知识图来表达,知识图、平台、用有机结合,在应用过程中,检验信息、知识、决策服务的有效性和实用性。(5)随着业务应用组件库(解决问题的过程或方法组件化)、主题服务标准库(由事件驱动,形成应用主题)、应用知识图库(解决问题的过程或方法、信息融合、知识形成等的图形化)的不断丰富,数据中心就成为了面向服务的主题服务中心,由此提出实用的数据中心建设方案。就目前多分布式数据源,分布存放、相对抽象,在应用中单独提供数据、没有语义,很难理解。只有给数据加以语义,变为信息才能提高应用效率、才有价值。所以,设计可行、可操作的数据中心,就有着重大的实用意义。(6)探讨从主题到知识图形成信息集成,由平台、组件、主题、知识图、可视化工具组成新的应用模式。由平台可以支持应用；由组件、主题、知识图可以快速组织应用；由丰富的多元信息可视化可以表现出更直观应用。把多元信息融合、用知识表达决策过程、用平台提供服务、方便组织应用作为近期应用模式,并逐步加以推广(7)基于平台的MODIS遥感信息分析、处理、应用。在遥感技术的支持下,提高多元信息的利用率,以信息融合和MODIS遥感信息的应用为重点,由多元信息及全局影像的发展变化,挖掘信息价值,通过对MODIS信息的集成,可将点信息、线信息和面信息结合起来,实现三位一体的洪水预报。(8)结合网格技术、可视化技术,创建水信息应用的人工平行系统。在高性能计算和可视化表现下,从主动、被动两方面,提供计算服务,并开展计算实验。以洪水预报为例进行分析和论证。(9)构建面向服务的水利业务应用服务中心。通过组件实现数据与业务集成,通过知识图和服务组合实现应用集成,通过平台实现综合集成,通过水利应用中心实现水利业务应用集成服务体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern water needs information technology. Water information application issues highlighted, however, it has characteristics. To share resources, integration of applications, it is necessary to integrated water information:generous service platform, components of information processing, and the application of innovative models. Depth understanding of the needs, information associated with the knowledge mapping, organized the application process, description of the events and themes, The data, information and knowledge visualization were store experience with maps and extend the application with case-based reasoning; The business methods and models were component-based and standardized; Provide information services by subject, provide computing services by the need, provide the decision-making by personalized services; from high-performance computing and visualization performance create a parallel system and carried out the calculation experiments. With the satellite remote sensing images and real photographs of composite applications, from multi-image information and the development changes of the overall in the value to mining the value of information; Mainly to achieve "human-computer connections" in the integrated service platform to provide information, knowledge, decision-making services. By the platform, components, themes, knowledge mapping, visualization tools to form a new model:Application by the platform support; By the components, the subject and knowledge mapping organized the application rapidly; The showed by multi-information visualization. In the Personalized custom applications and related industries standard-setting, Play the role of industry-oriented, gradually extend the application of new model. This paper’s main results are as follows:(1) Using knowledge mapping to achieve the expression of knowledge visualization, and knowledge mapping book products.①Take the knowledge acquisition and expression based the process as a means, to establishment the knowledge mapping of water information and knowledge, Using knowledge mapping to link the information, organize the information in the application process, describe the events and the application of the theme.②Research the human-machine mechanism of supported by the knowledge mapping. From the information perception, integration point of view, use of empirical methods and lessons learned, research the application of water information using expert knowledge and process knowledge mapping, achieve knowledge sharing and transfer mechanisms, laws, and to improve the efficiency of knowledge transfer channels.③Research the mechanism of groups wisdom on knowledge mapping indorsation. Use the empirical, based on the knowledge mapping; research the individual knowledge into collective wisdom’s mechanism, laws, and support groups, creative, guide groups of experts to conduct in-depth analysis and demonstration. Through the groups of experts knowledge transfer, form a "group memory", to promote the emergence of collective wisdom.(2) Adapt to the water information business applications, in accordance with the components development standards, development of presentation layer and business layer components. Expand the traditional model’s reliance on the information, development of new models, and gradually component. Continuously enriched, completed the application component library. Use the component library (have a certain foundation), to resolve structural applications, knowledge resources sharing, standardize the application of the process components and services, For rapid integration and the formation of different applications to create a comprehensive integrated platform combining human-computer foundation, combined with a platform to promote the new model, and gradually build a support group of experts discuss the "knowledge market".(3) Use the middleware, grid, meta-synthetic engineering office technologies to build multi-service platform system. Using the platform to provide data, information, and knowledge integration; Platform provides three services:In accordance with the theme provide the information services, the need to provide computing services and the personalized service organizations provide the decision-making; Established an open growth knowledge system With the platform,it can make the system convenient service closest practical, long-term vitality; In the platform, store experience with knowledge mapping and extend the application with case-based reasoning; Through the Knowledge integration and evaluation, excavation good decision-making knowledge, from qualitative to quantitative, summed up and refined the law to delivery services better.(4) For the concrete application themes, use the model of platform supported, develop individualized applications. Using flood forecasting、reservoir dispatching and emergency management which are based on platform as examples, use a series of knowledge graphs to express the themes, organically combined the knowledge graphs、platform and application, test the efficiency and practicality of information、knowledge and decision service.(5) With the continuous enrichment of business application components library (componentization of the process and solution for solving the problem)、theme service standards library(form application themes driven by events)、application knowledge graphs library(the process or method for solving the problem、information fusion、formation of knowledge being graphical). Data center became themes service center facing service, thus propose practical data center construction scheme. Now, multi-distributed data resource was distributed stored and relatively abstract, provide data individually in the application, it is no semantic and hard to understand. Only change the data to be information by adding semantic can improve the application efficiency and value. So there is great practical significance to design the available and operable data center.(6) Discuss the formation of information integration from themes to knowledge graphs, compose a new application model by platform、component、theme、knowledge graphs and Visualization tools. The platform can support the application; using the component、themes and knowledge graphs can organize application fast; using the multivariate information visualization can display application more intuitively; take the multivariate information combination、display the decision process by knowledge、using platform to support services、convenient organize application as the recent application model, and popularize it continuous.(7) The analysis and application of MODIS remote sensing informations based on platform. Under the support of remote sensing technique, prove the utilization rate of multivariate information, Take the information combination and the application of MODIS remote sensing informations as the emphasis, excavate information value by the variation of multivariate information and Overall image, could combine the point type information、linear information and Surface information by integrating the MODIS information, realize the trinity flood forecasting.(8) Combining the grid technique with visualization technique, to create artificial parallel systems for water Information application. Under the high-performance calculation and visualization, support calculating services from the active and passive aspects, and carry on computational experiments. Analyze and demonstrate the flood dispatching.(9) Development of the water resources business application service center faced to service. Realize the integration of data and business by components, realize application integration by combining the knowledge graphs and services, realize meta-synthesis by platform, realize the water resources business application integrated service system by water resources application center.更多还原