【作者】 李刚军；

【导师】 李怀恩；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 随着人口增加和经济发展,水资源短缺问题日趋严重,如何通过各种节水措施的综合应用来实现灌区水资源高效利用、合理配置已成为国内外学者研究的难点和热点。宁夏引黄灌区水资源高效利用及水权分配研究是依据宁夏引黄灌区水资源现状,对宁夏引黄灌区主要作物节水灌溉技术、渠道防渗技术、水价形成机制等农业、工程及管理节水措施方面进行了较为系统的研究,在此基础上建立了引黄灌区的初始水权分配模型、提出了水权分配方案,目的是提高水资源的利用效率与合理配置区域水资源。论文取得的主要研究成果如下：(1)通过不同地区典型的作物灌溉试验研究并结合前人的研究成果,本文给出了宁夏主要地区春小麦、麦套玉米、玉米等主要旱作物的节水灌溉制度,为宁夏水资源合理配置方案的制定提供了技术依据。研究结果初步表明,在扬黄灌区玉米实行有限灌溉技术,水分生产效率高于引黄灌区。(2)通过对不同材料和不同衬砌型式渠道防渗、防冻和经济分析,得出了适合宁夏地区的干、.支、斗农渠的10种典型的节水工程模式,并给出了详细的技术经济指标,为未来不同的规划水平年选择合适的衬砌型式提供了技术支撑。(3)依据现行水价政策,实行农业供水成本定价的水价形成机制,在充分考虑农民支付能力并结合宁夏农业供、用水基本特点的前提下,逐步将农业用水价格提高到与供水成本相适应的水平。采用分配系数法分析测算的2010年自流灌区供水水价分别为：农业种植6.37分／m3,水产养殖业6.8分／m。,高耗水经济作物6.59分／m3；扬水灌区供水水价分别为：固海22.77分／m3,盐环定27.26分／m3,红寺堡22.52分／m3,固海扩灌22.77分／m3,可作为宁夏农业水价调整的技术依据,以实现通过水价作为杠杆来促进节水和水资源合理配置。(4)以宁夏的5个地级市为基本单元,建立了AHP法与TOPSIS法相结合的水权初始分配模型,确定了符合宁夏引黄灌区实际的初始水权分配指标体系,构建了指标体系的递阶层次结构,并利用MATLAB编程对宁夏引黄灌区的水权初始分配比例进行计算。求得宁夏五个地级市初始水权配置比例M1、M2、M3、M4、M5分别为0.387、0.2175、0.2433、0.1521、0.1341,据此对黄河干流耗水指标37亿m3进行了分配,其结果与现状基本吻合,方法可行。关于县级初始水权再分配(即水权的空间配置),仍采用AHP和TOPSIS法相结合的方法,在地级市内建立空间水权配置模型,将宁夏引黄灌区总引黄初始耗水权37亿m3及相应的引水权逐级分配到各个县,得出宁夏14个县多年平均、来水频率分别为75%和95%条件下的耗水权、引水权空间分配方案。本文还对初始水权在各行业之间的分配(行业配置)进行了初步的探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy and expansion of population, the shortage of water resources becomes more and more strictness. It is a research difficulty and hot-point by domestic and foreign scholars that how to achieve highly efficient utilization of water resources and rational allocation through comprehensive applications of various water-saving measures.According to the present situation of water resources in the Yellow River irrigation areas of Ningxia, the study on effective utilization of water resources and water right allocation was analyzed systematically. The water-saving measures on agriculture, engineering and management such as water-saving irrigation technology for major crops, seepage control of canal systems, water price forming mechanism have also been studied. Based on those work, allocation models of initial water right was established and the water right allocation scheme also be given in the Yellow River irrigation areas of Ningxia, which aimed at improving the utilization efficiency and making rational allocation of regional water resources.The main achievements of this study are listed as follows:(1) Through the typical crop irrigation investigation in different regions and Combined with previous research results, the water-saving irrigation systems of major dry crops such as spring wheat, wheat interplanting of com, com and so on was given. This provided a technical basis for the rational allocation of water resources in Ningxia. Preliminary findings show that the limited irrigation techniques in yellow river pumping irrigation district in Ningxia have more water production than the yellow river irrigation area.(2) Through the anti-seepage, antifreeze and economic analysis of different materials and different lining channels, ten typical kinds of models on agricultural drainage water-saving project have been found, which fit for main canals, branch canals and bucket canals in Ningxia region. Detailed technical and economic indicators also be given, which provided technical support for selection in the appropriate lining types through the future planning of different levels.(3) Based on the current water price policies, agricultural water supply cost pricing of water price formation mechanism was carried out. Considering the payment ability of peasant and the basic characteristics of agricultural water supply and using in Ningxia, agricultural water prices should improve to meet the level of water costs gradually. Using the distribution coefficient method to analysis, water supply price of the gravity irrigation area in 2010 is as follows:Agricultural plant per cubic meter 6.37 cents, aquaculture per cubic meter 6.8 cents and high water-consumption crops 6.59 cents respectively. Pumping irrigation districts is:Guhai 22.77, Yanhuan Ding 27.26, Hongsi Pu 22.52, and Guhai expanding irrigation 22.77 cents respectively. All these can be used as the technical basis for agricultural water prices in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Water price as a leverage, promoted water-saving and rational allocation on water resources.(4) Putting five prefecture-level cities as the basic irrigation unit of Ningxia, allocation models of initial water right were established using AHP and TOPSIS. The initial water right allocation index system was confirmed, which accord with the actual conditions of Ningxia Yellow River gravity irrigation district. Then the recursive hierarchy structure of the index system was made. And furthermore, using software MATLAB, the ratios of initial water right allocation in Ningxia Yellow River gravity irrigation districts are calculated. The initial water right allocation ratios of five prefecture-level cities in Ningxia which named as Ml, M2, M3, M4, and M5 are 0.387,0.2175,0.2433,0.1521 and 0.1341 respectively. Using these ratios,3.7 billion m3 of mainstream consume water in Ningxia Yellow River was allocated. The result fit for status in quo, so this method is feasible.Using the combination of AHP and TOPSIS method, the redistribution of initial water right (space configuration) in county distribution level was given too. The space water right allocation model of the city level was established too. And using this model,3.7 billion m3 of the total Ningxia Yellow River irrigation resources was assigned to each county. The space allocation program of 14 counties of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was given under the conditions of multi-year average runoff, water frequency 75% and 95%.The initial water right allocation among various sectors(industry configuration) was also discussed primarily in this thesis.更多还原