中苏文化协会研究

【作者】 王锦辉；

【导师】 刘晶芳；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 中共党史， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 中苏文化协会,是活跃于20世纪三四十年代的一个重要而特殊的文化团体。中苏文化协会的研究,对于深入中国政治史、党派史、中共党史、中苏关系史均有重要意义,对繁荣当今中国民间文化外交组织,亦具有一定的现实意义。但由于资料缺乏等原因,长期以来,该选题未进入研究者的视野。本文在查阅了大量的一手资料的基础上,从历史的角度将中苏文化协会分为缘起、初步发展、改组发展、艰难岁月四个阶段。同时对中苏文化协会作了定性分析,阐述了它的历史作用及其存在问题,并探讨了它与国共两党的关系,试图从中借鉴特殊民间文化团体如何生存、发展的经验。全文由绪论、正文五章组成。绪论部分从多个维度论证了该选题的研究意义,评析了研究现状及存在的问题,阐明了文章的基本框架、研究重点、难点及创新点。第一章厘清了中苏文化协会诞生的现实原因及可能性。九一八事变对中苏两国都构成了严重威胁。随着民族危机的加深,国民政府不得不考虑对苏政策的变化。1932年12月,中苏正式复交。复交后的中国民众希望苏联援助中国抗战,同时增进中苏文化的交流和了解。在二三十年代中苏文化交流的基础上,这种愿望成为现实。以促进中苏文化交流、增进中苏友谊为宗旨中苏文化协会应运而生。第二章研究了1935年至1939年间中苏文化协会得以发展的原因及主要特色。抗日战争全面爆发后,《中苏互不侵犯条约》的签订使中苏关系迅速增进,苏联在道义上、军事上、经济上对华提供支持和援助。中苏文化协会受中苏关系的影响,活动随之广泛开展起来,宣传抗战、发展分会成为这一时期活动的主要特色。同时,受战争环境的影响,协会先后迁移至武汉、重庆,工作受到一定程度的限制。第三章分析了1939年至1945年间中苏文化协会改组后的主要宣传方式、宣传内容及其效果。经过改组,协会组织机构增多,活动形式丰富多彩,文字宣传、直观宣传和口头宣传等形式对增进中苏友谊起了至关重要的作用。同时,协会活动日益受到中共南方局的影响,成为中国共产党在国统区开展宣传和统战工作的重要活动阵地。第四章阐述了1945年至1949年间中苏文化协会复原南京后的艰难岁月。随着美、苏冷战的形成与升级,以及国共内战的激化和全面展开,蒋介石逐步实行对美“一边倒”政策并且利用突发事件掀起了反苏浪潮。中苏关系由热趋冷,甚至恶化,大大压缩了中苏文协的生存空间。1946年,中苏文化协会被国民党宣布为非法组织。协会顶着经费紧张、人员流动的压力,继续创办《中苏文化》杂志和编辑苏联书籍,且逐渐向中国共产党靠拢。建国后,中苏文化协会顺应历史发展潮流,过渡到中苏友好协会。第五章探讨了中苏文化协会研究中的几个问题。主要围绕中苏文化协会的性质、影响评估及协会与中共、国民党的关系展开研究。文章认为,中苏文化协会是在抗战和内战时期为配合国内形势起过积极作用的特殊民间团体。对于促进中苏文化交流,增进中苏友谊,激发人们抗战热情起到了重要作用。但是,也存在着美化苏联外交政策及建设成就的倾向。此间,国民政府根据国内政治和外交形势的变化,对中苏文化协会由主要支持到日益压制。其中除了由于该协会丧失了被国民党利用的价值外,也有各自宣传的立国主义不能兼容的原因。中苏文化协会还受到中国共产党南方局的积极影响,中共先后在延安和晋东南建立中苏文化协会分会,作为对总会的友好回应。正是有了中国共产党的指导和进步人士的努力,后期的中苏文化协会日益走向民主。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Sino-Soviet Cultural Association which was an important and special cultural organization in1930sand1940s.Its research has vital significance in the Chinese politics history, parties and groups history, Chinese Communist Party history and Sino-Soviet relations history. Which also has certain practical significance for Chinese folk culture diplomacy organization. But, because of deficient material, this topic has not entered researcher’s vision for a long time. On the basis of massive material, this paper divides Sino-Soviet Culture Association into four stages, including the origin, preliminary development, reorganization development and difficult years. Which analysis its nature, elaborates its historical function and exist question, discusses its relation with the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party. The goal is to analyze how the special folk cultural organization survives and develops.This paper consists of introduction and body of five chapters.In the introduction, the author states the research significance from different angles, points out the present research situation and limitations. Then she elaborates the framework, clarifying the content focus, difficulties and innovation of the research.Chapter One clarifies the realistic reason and possibility of the Sino-Soviet Culture Association. 918 emergency posed serious threat to China and Soviet Union. Along with national crisis deepening, the national government had to consider the change of Soviet policy. In December, 1932, China and Soviet Union restored diplomatic relation officially. The Chinese populace hoped Soviet Union help China, simultaneously promote the exchange of Sino-Soviet culture. This kind of desire became reality on the basic of Sino-Soviet culture exchange in 1920 and 1930s.The Sino-Soviet Culture Association was founded, its Objective was to promote cultural exchange and friendship.Chapter Two studies the development reason and main characteristics of Sino-Soviet Culture Association from 1935 to 1939.Sino-Soviet relation promoted rapidly after the signature of Sino-Soviet Treaty of mutual nonaggression. Soviet Union helped China in morality, military and economy aspects. Sino-Soviet Culture Association developed widely. During this time, the main characteristic were propagandizing resistance against Japan and developing branches. Simultaneously, the association migrated successively to Wuhan, Chongqing and the work was restricted in certain degree because of the environment influence.Chapter Three analyzes the main propaganda way, propaganda content and effect after reorganization from 1939 to 1945. Association agencies increased and the form of action became more colorful. The written propaganda, direct-viewing propaganda and oral propaganda played an important role in promoting Sino-Soviet friendship. Simultaneously, the association received influence from South Bureau of Chinese Communist Party day by day and became an important activities Location for the propaganda and union of Chinese Communist Party in Kuomintang’s area.Chapter Four elaborates difficult years of the Sino-Soviet Culture Association in Nanjing from 1945 to 1949.Along with the formation and promotion of cold war, as well as the intensification and expansion comprehensively of civil war between Kuomintang and Communist Party. Chiang Kai-Shek implemented gradually pro-American policy and raised counter-Soviet tide. The Sino-Soviet relation became cold, even worsened, which greatly reduced the existing space of Sino-Soviet Culture Association. In 1946, the association was announced illegal organization by Kuomintang. Though the funds were deficient and people were mobile, it continued to organize the magazine“Sino-Soviet Culture”and editor Soviet Union books. The Sino-Soviet Culture Association became closer to Communist Party. After the foundation of new China, it was replaced by the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association.Chapter Five discusses several questions about the study of Sino-Soviet Culture Association. Mainly including the Sino-Soviet Culture Association’s nature, the influence appraisal and its association with Chinese Communist Party and Kuomintang. The article believes that Sino-Soviet Culture Association, a special folk association, played a positive role in the war of resistance against Japan and civil war. Which promoted cultural exchange and friendship between China and Soviet Union, stimulating people to resist Japan. But, the association also beautified the foreign policy and construction achievement of Soviet Union. During this period, Kuomintang supported it mainly at first, then suppressed day by day. Because this association lost value used by Kuomintang, and the principles of founding a nation were different. The Sino-Soviet Culture Association also received positive influence from South Bureau of Chinese Communist Party. As response, the Chinese Communist Party successively established Sino-Soviet Culture Association branch in Yanan and southeast Shanxi. Because of the instruction of Communist Party and endeavor of progressive people, the Sino-Soviet Culture Association moved towards democracy day by day.更多还原