【作者】 刘家用；

【导师】 叶庆丰；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 国家权力是政治的核心,国家权力是由一定的国家权力主体掌握和行使的,国家权力主体状况深深影响到国家的政治和谐。促进当代中国的政治和谐是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求,是发展中国特色社会主义的重要内容,促进当代中国的政治和谐必须抓住国家权力这一政治的核心问题,从我国的国家权力主体入手。本文把马克思主义的基本原理与当代中国的具体实践相结合,探讨了国家权力主体与政治和谐的一些基本理论,着力分析了当代中国国家权力所属主体、行使主体的重大理论和现实问题以及国家权力所属主体和行使主体的关系与当代中国的政治和谐,力求揭示国家权力主体与政治和谐的一般规律及当代中国的特殊性。研究国家权力主体与当代中国的政治和谐,对于丰富、发展马克思主义国家理论及中国特色理论体系具有一定的理论价值,对于构建社会主义和谐社会、推动社会主义政治文明建设等具有重要的实践意义。本文共分四章。在逻辑结构上,首先系统概括和阐述国家权力主体与政治和谐的一些基本理论,然后分别考察和分析了当代中国国家权力所属主体和行使主体的重大理论和现实问题,最后科学分析了国家权力所属主体和行使主体之间的辩证关系,对促进当代中国国家权力所属主体与行使主体关系的和谐进行了思考和探讨。第一章是本文的理论基础,系统概括和阐述了国家权力主体与政治和谐的一些基本理论。本章对国家权力主体进行了科学的界定和分类,对国家权力所属主体和行使主体的特征、条件及产生途径进行了系统概括和阐述,对政治和谐的概念、基本要求及实现政治和谐的途径等进行了分析和论述。第二章分析了当代中国国家权力所属主体的重大理论和现实问题。我国是人民当家作主的社会主义国家,广大人民群众是国家权力的所属主体,是发展中国特色社会主义的核心力量,促进当代中国的政治和谐,必须依靠广大人民群众,保证人民当家作主。促进当代中国的政治和谐,必须满足与协调广大人民群众的利益需要,坚持人民的“权利本位”观念,切实维护人民群众的合法权利,努力解决当前的人民内部矛盾及阶层分化等问题。第三章分析了当代中国国家权力行使主体的重大理论和现实问题。国家权力行使主体行使着一定的国家权力,是协调各种政治关系和实现当代中国政治和谐的重要力量。促进当代中国的政治和谐,国家权力行使主体必须树立“义务本位”观念,增强责任意识,切实履行自身应尽义务。当代中国的国家权力行使主体主要包括公务员、军人及其他授权行使国家权力的人员。我国国家权力行使主体是从人民群众中的先进分子产生的,国家权力行使主体的这种先进性为实现当代中国的政治和谐创造了条件。但由于种种原因,目前我国的国家权力行使主体也还存在着一些不容忽视的问题,促进当代中国的政治和谐必须着力解决这些问题。解决国家权力行使主体存在的这些问题,既要提高国家权力行使主体的道德水平,满足国家权力行使主体的合理需要,处理好国家权力行使主体之间的关系,还要加强对国家权力行使主体的监督和制约,加大对违法违纪的国家权力行使主体的处罚力度。第四章阐述了国家权力所属主体和行使主体的关系与当代中国的政治和谐。国家权力所属主体与行使主体是对立统一的辩证关系,促进当代中国的政治和谐,必须协调好国家权力所属主体与行使主体之间的关系。协调好国家权力所属主体与行使主体的关系,必须保证国家权力行使主体产生的合法性,坚持国家权力所属主体的“权利本位”和行使主体的“义务本位”相统一,加强和改进国家权力所属主体与行使主体的政治沟通,坚持和完善党的领导。更多还原

【Abstract】 State power is the core of politics and it is inseparable from a certain subject. The subject of state power influences political harmony deeply. Promotion of political harmony in contemporary China is the inevitable demand of building a socialist harmonious society and it is the important content of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. In order to promote political harmony in contemporary China, we must seize the state power which is the political core issue and start with the subject of state power in China. Applying the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete practice of contemporary China, this dissertation discusses some basic theories of the subject of state power and political harmony, focuses on the major theoretical and practical problems of the owner subject of state power and the executing subject of state power, the relationship between them and political harmony in contemporary China, strives to reveal the general laws of the subject of state power and political harmony and the special nature of contemporary China. Research on the state power and political harmony in contemporary China has some theoretical value for developing Marxist state theory and the theoretical system with Chinese characteristics. It also has important practical significance for building socialist harmonious society and promoting the socialist political civilization.This dissertation is divided into four chapters. In the logical structure, the first system generalizes some basic theories of the subject of state power and political harmony, then analyzes some major theoretical and practical issues of the owner subject of state power and the executing subject of state power in contemporary China, finally analyzes the dialectical relationship between the owner subject of state power and the executing subject of state power scientifically and puts forward some countermeasures to promote the harmonious relations between them in contemporary China .The first chapter,the theoretical basis of this dissertation, systematically generalizes some basic theories of the subject of state power and political harmony. This chapter defines a scientific concept and classification of the subject of state power, summarizes and elaborates the main characteristics, conditions and generated means of the owner subject of state power and the executing subject of state power. This chapter analyzes and discusses the concept of political harmony, basic requirements and the means of realizing political harmony, etc.The second chapter analyzes the major theories and practices of the owner subject of state power in contemporary China. China is a socialist country ruled by the people. The masses are the owner subject of state power and they are the core strength to develop the socialism with Chinese characteristics. In order to promote political harmony in contemporary China, we must rely on the masses and ensure that people are the masters of state power. In order to promote political harmony in contemporary China, we must meet and coordinate the interests of broad masses of the people, adhere to the people’s "rights-based" concept, earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights of the people, make great efforts to resolve the current contradictions among the people and the class divide and other issues.The third chapter analyzes the major theories and practices of the executing subject of state power in contemporary China. The executing subject of state power exercises a certain amount of state power. The executing subjects of state power are important force to coordinate political relations and to realize political harmony in contemporary China. In order to promote political harmony in contemporary China, the executing subject of state power must build "obligations-based" concept, enhance a sense of responsibility, and earnestly fulfill its obligations. The executing subject of state power in contemporary China mainly includes civil servants, military personnel and other persons authorized to exercise state power. The executing subject of state power in China is generated from the advanced people of the masses. The advanced nature of the executing subject of state power creates the conditions for realizing political harmony in contemporary China. However, due to various reasons, there still exist some problems which can not be ignored in the executing subject of state power in contemporary China. In order to promote political harmony in contemporary China, we must make efforts to solve these problems. To solve these problems, we should not only raise the moral level of the executing subject of state power, meet the reasonable requirements of the executing subject of state power, deal with the relations between the executing subject of state power, but also strengthen supervision and restriction of the executing subject of state power, severely punish those who violate the law and discipline.The fourth chapter elaborates the relationship between the owner subject of state power and the executing subject of state power and political harmony in contemporary China. The owner subject of state power and the executing subject of state power are the dialectical relationship between the unities of opposites. In order to promote political harmony in contemporary China, we must coordinate the relationship between the owner subject of state power and the executing subject of state power. To coordinate the relationship between the owner subject of state power and the executing subject of state power, we must ensure the generated legitimacy of the executing subject of state power, adhere to the unity of the "rights-based" of the owner subject of state power and the "obligations-based" of the executing subject of state power, strengthen and improve the political communication between the owner subject of state power and the executing subject of state power, uphold and improve the CPC’s leadership.更多还原