网络时代的政治参与和政党变革研究

【作者】 程玉红；

【导师】 王长江；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 党的建设， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 网络时代的政治参与发展和政党变革是在信息与通信技术革命浪潮冲撞之下,公民控制公共权力以及支配社会公共利益的可能性和现实性及其实现途径多样化过程中出现的新趋势。政党变革是不可逆转的、不可抗拒的、不可消除的客观现象。二战后的任何一个政党,都存在着技术变化、人口变化、快速的政治生态变化以及政治、经济、文化内在的不一致和相互冲突的意识形态所导致的变革。研究网络时代的政治参与和政党变革是政党政治发展过程中亟需解决诸多问题的迫切要求,具有积极的指导性意义。本论文通过运用辩证唯物主义、比较分析、网络调研等方法,从网络时代政治参与发展新现象入手,结合网络时代民主政治沟通渠道现实状况,透视网络时代政党变革的挑战与机遇,探究网络时代政治参与发展过程中政党变革的特征与原则以及政党组织与政党意识形态变革的动态与措施。论文由导言、正文五章和结语三部分构成。导言部分:包括研究问题的缘起、研究文献综述、研究思路和研究方法。正文部分分为五章:第一章,政党面临网络时代政治参与新现象。网络时代政治参与新现象表现为网络参政与体制外政治参与。在网络时代政治参与发展过程中,出现的这些新情况新问题是信息与通信技术不断革新带来的新变化。网络参政构成新的政治沟通渠道。网络时代的政治参与表现为既有的体制内政治参与渠道不能满足公民日益增长的政治参与诉求,越来越多的政治参与走向互联网络,并对现实政治生活产生着巨大的影响。从空间与体制视角审视网络时代政治参与新现象,分析比较得出政治参与空间差异以及体制内外存在着巨大差距,这些矛盾形成的深层原因在于民主政治价值观念的渗透及其普世化。第二章,在网络时代政治参与发展过程中政党变革面临着的挑战与机遇。政党是历史的客观的政治现象,不同社会不同时代对于政党含义以及政党变革的理解有所不同。政党是代表一定社会阶级、阶层或社会集团利益的有着共同政治意愿的获取政治权力或参与政治权力的政治组织。政党变革是政党组织自身的改造。西方政党变革理论研究指出了西方社会政党调适的重要性,我国学者研究指出政党现代化之路。网络时代政治参与发展带来的挑战与机遇是全世界许多政党面临的普遍性问题。政党变革的挑战来自网络时代政治参与渠道、社会群众基础、政党组织结构及其意识形态诸方面的嬗变。政党积极应对时代变化带来的挑战,采取适当的应对措施则是政党生存和发展的新机遇。第三章,政党在网络时代政治参与发展过程中变革出现的特征、原则与目标。网络时代政治参与发展过程中政党变革的特征是政党为何变革以及怎么样变革等政党变革过程中的形态提炼与概括。网络时代政治参与发展过程中政党变革的原则是政党变革过程中应该把握的尺度。这些特征和原则也是政党、社会、国家三者之间内在的逻辑发展要求。政党变革显然是有目标的,目标是网络时代政党变革的重要指向标。第四章,网络时代政治参与发展过程中的政党组织不断进行革新。网络时代政党组织结构、组织原则、组织方式与领导体制等受到政治参与发展的强烈影响,客观发展要求政党组织进行自我革新。政党组织形态的发展演变有一个历史的过程,从精英型政党走向群众型政党组织形态各异,网络时代出现了网络党、媒体党、问题党等新型组织形态。政党组织形态出现的这些变化需要政党顺应时代潮流采取积极措施,重新定位政党的组织性质,扩大政党组织的社会基础和阶级基础,调整组织结构,革新组织方式及其体制。第五章,网络时代政治参与发展过程中政党意识形态变革。政党意识形态反映人们对社会发展及其规律的认识与主张,用来解释社会应当如何运作和发展的观念和原则。网络时代随着利益主体多元化、价值观念变化、外来思想文化的冲击,政党意识形态出现中间化、弱化态势。政党要生存和发展就必须推进政党意识形态的建设,适时变革。政党意识形态变革需要遵循一些基本的原则,既要体现网络时代特征,也要不断开拓创新。结语部分简要地阐述了本课题有待进一步研究的理论问题和实践问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Party changes in the development process of political participation in cyber age, which come into being new trends with the possibility and reality that the citizens control the public power and dominate the social and public interests through various channels under the collision of information and communication technology revolution. It is irreversible and irresistible objective phenomenon for party change not to eliminate. There are changes for any one of political parties since World War II, which is caused by the information and communication technology revolution, demographic changes and rapid changes in the political environment, just so as political, economic and cultural inherent inconsistencies and conflicting ideologies in the world. It is the urgent demand to solve many problems of party changes in the development process of party politics in cyber age. It has positive practical significance to research further. This dissertation uses the dialectical materialism, comparative analysis, network research and other methods. The dissertation investigates from the new phenomenon of the network on political participation in the development of political participation in cyber age, analyses the reality of democratic channels of communication in cyber age, observes the challenges and opportunities of party changes in the perspectives of the network on political participation and the outside system of political participation, and explores the characteristics and principles of party changes in the development process of political participation in cyber age and researches the dynamics of the party organizations and party ideologies.There are three parts of the introduction, five chapters and an epilogue in the dissertation.The introduction presents the rise with problem, the current status of the related research home and abroad, the research ideas and methods.Chapter I: the political party facing new phenomena of political participation. The new phenomenon of political participation in cyber age shows the network on political participation and the outside system of political participation. The information and communication technology revolution bring about new changes constantly which causes many new problems and new situations in the development process of political participation in cyber age and comes into being new political communication channels. The existing channels of political participation within the system can not meet the increasing political participation of citizens’demands in the development process of political participation in cyber age. More and more political participation behaviors emerge one after another in the cyberspace, which affect seriously the political realities. There are many great spatial differences in political participation and wide gaps within the system. These differences and gaps ascribe to the formation of the deep penetration and popularity of democratic values. All of these the party facing urge the political participation forward in cyber age.Chapter II: the challenges and opportunities of party changes in the development process of political participation in cyber age. Political Parties are objective and historical political phenomena that there are different understandings of political party in different social times, just so party changes. Political party is a political organization that has a common political faith on behalf of certain social classes, class or social group interests and get involved in political power or participate in political power. Party change is the change of political party organization itself. The researches on party changes in western society show that it is very important for political party to accommodate itself to the changing society. Chinese scholar points out the road of modernization of political parties. The challenges and opportunities are common problems faced by the various political parties around the world in the development process of political participation in cyber age. The challenges faced by political parties stem from the change of political participation channels, the basis change of social masses, the evolution of the organizational structure of political parties and their ideologies. This is a survival and development opportunity for political party to respond actively to the challenges of changing times.Chapter III: the characteristics,principles and projected goals of party changes in the development process of political participation in cyber age. The characteristics show why, what, how the political parties change, which are the shape extraction and summarization of party changes in the development process of political participation in cyber age. Its salient features are networking, information technology, globalization and so on. The principles of party change in the development process of political participation in cyber age are the scales that political parties should grasp. The basic principles are political arties innovation, keeping pace with the time and so that political parties should follow. These characteristics and principles are also the internal development requirements of relations among the political parties, society and state logically. There are obviously projected goals of party changes in the development process of political participation in cyber age.Chapter IV: the innovation of the organizational structure of political parties in the development process of political participation in cyber age. The development of political participation has strong impact on the political party structure, organizational principles, organization and leadership structure in cyber age. Objective requirements of the development of party politics need the self-reform of political parties in network era. There is a historical development process of the organizational structure of political parties. There appeared the various forms of the organizational structure of political parties in history from the elite-based political parties into the mass parties, then the new organization forms such as cyber Party, media party or leader-dominated media party, single issue parties in cyber age. These changes of the organizational structure require the political parties to take active measures to adapt to the times. It is necessary to relocate the organization and the nature of political parties, to widen the social foundation and class basis of political parties, to reconfigure organizational structures and reform the leadership system.Chapter V: the changes of the ideologies of political parties in the development process of political participation in cyber age. The ideologies of political parties reflect the opinions or principles or the law of social development that the people use them to explain what the society should be and how the society run and develop, in which the core is how to gain or control or allocate power. With the impact of diversification of interests, values change and foreign ideas and culture in cyber age, there are different trends of the ideologies of political parties such as weakening, intermediation of changes in posture. Political parties must promote the building of the ideologies of political parties in order to survive and develop further, and change timely. The changes of the ideologies of political parties need to follow some basic principles that should not only reflect the characteristics of the times but also the pursuit of innovation, which should stress the effectiveness of political parties’ideology.The epilogue points out the problems that should be further studied.更多还原