【作者】 欧健；

【导师】 荣长海；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 社会主义观是对什么是社会主义和怎样建设社会主义的认识。它是一个包括方法原则、价值目标和实现途径这三个层次为一体的认识体系。从这三个层面看,毛泽东邓小平在认识社会主义的方法论原则和价值目标上都坚持唯物史观,体现出基本一致性。他们都站在工人阶级和人民利益的立场上,运用实事求是的方法,认识社会主义。此外,相同的文化基础和共同的政治取向也使得毛泽东邓小平社会主义观基本一致。但由于所处的时代环境不同,他们在具体方法运用和目标追求上又有所不同。毛泽东处在苏联、中国等社会主义国家战争初胜、经济发展,新型科技革命尚未规模性运用的历史时期,而邓小平处在国内经济发展受挫、继之国际共运发生重大变革,资本主义运用宏观调控手段并借助科技革命迅速发展时期。因此,在社会主义建设基本思路上,毛泽东考虑的是如何发挥社会主义制度优势超越资本主义,邓小平考虑的是如何提升社会主义生产力追赶资本主义。在社会主义的目标追求上,毛泽东侧重的是平等,邓小平侧重生产力发展基础上的逐步富裕。在社会主义的实现途径上,毛泽东致力于发挥社会主义公有制的优越性,选择了精神激励为主的方式来解决经济建设的动力问题,主张通过“以阶级斗争为纲”,最终实现“抓革命、促生产”；邓小平致力于克服社会主义计划经济的弊端,选择了物质激励为主的方式来解决经济建设的动力问题,主张通过“以经济建设为中心”,采取“让一部分人先富起来”的市场经济手段,最终实现共同富裕。上述比较的当代启示是：由于理想社会需要经历长期奋斗才能实现,社会主义事业在其发展的每一个历史阶段,都需要依据时代条件的不同,对社会主义战略和策略作出客观判断；正确认识资本主义才能正确认识社会主义,中国社会主义建设实践必需处理好中国文化、西方文化和马克思主义的关系；当下,与毛泽东邓小平时代相比,客观的时代条件又发生了很大的变化,一方面,中国社会主义事业在生产力领域发生了重大向好的变化,另一方面,资本主义推动的全球化进程酿成了日益严重的生态问题和非传统安全问题。这要求通过马克思主义时代化解释新的事实,为中国特色社会主义的进一步发展做出前瞻判断。更多还原

【Abstract】 directed by Rong Chang HaiThe socialism view is the cognition of what socialism is and how to builds the socialism. It is the knowledge system including the three levels (method principle, the value goal and realization way) of the knowledge system as a whole.From the three levels, Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping in understanding the methodology of social principles and values objectives all persisted Materialism, reflect the basic consistency. They all stand in the position of working class and the interests of the people, using a pragmatic approach, to understand the socialism. Moreover, the same cultural tradition and common political value urge their versions’ inherent consistency.However, the times in different environments, they are different in using of specific methods and pursuit of goals. Mao Zedong was in the historical period that the Soviet Union, China and other socialist countries have got the early victory of war, economic development, new technological revolution have not been utilizated fully, and Deng Xiaoping was in the time that China’s domestic economy setback, followed by significant changes in the international communist movement, the capitalism used the macro-capitalist control means and technology revolution and gained the rapid development. Therefore, in the basic concept of social construction, what Mao Zedong considered is how to play to advantages of the socialist system to exceed capitalism, what Deng Xiaoping consider is how to enhance the productivity of socialism and catch-up capitalism. In pursuit of social goals, Mao Zedong pays great attention to the equality, Deng Xiaoping pays more attention to the gradual prosperity based on the development of productive forces.In means of realization of socialism, the two socialist’s concept reflect fundamentally different:Mao Zedong devotes to playing the superiority of the socialist public ownership, choosing a spiritual incentive-based approach to solve dynamic problems in economic construction, and stands for "class struggle as the key link "to restrict the distribution according to the" bourgeois rights ", realizing " grasping revolution and promoting production "at last; Deng Xiaoping devotes to overcome the shortcomings of the socialist planned economy, choosing a material incentive-based approach to solve the economic Construction of dynamic problems, and stands for the " economic development as the center ",adopts the market economy method "let some people get rich first",and eventually achieve common prosperity.We can draw conclusion from the comparison above as the following:because of the idealistic society should undergo a long history with great endeavors, so the socialistic construction should also adapt its strategy and tactics according to the specific historical condition in different period; furthermore, the building of socialism should also have a advisable cognition and judge of the contemporary capitalism. China socialist construction practice essential processes the Chinese culture, the Western culture and the Marxism relations.The comparison shows that despite the difference of two of the socialist concept have subjective factors, but mainly because of objective factors, that is, the different historical conditions. Present, compared with Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping era, great changes of the objective conditions of the times has taken place, on the one hand, China’s socialist cause in productivity’s field has undergone major changes for the better, on the other hand, the capitalist-driven globalization led to increasingly serious ecological problems and non-traditional security issues. This inherently requires us to make accurate judgments in current and future’s development of socialist reform and development:the way that socialism cope with crisis and create a superior way to approach the development pattern of capitalism is to achieve further docking of market economy and Chinese culture.更多还原