【作者】 符英；

【导师】 杨豪中；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 建筑历史与理论， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 近代建筑反映了从传统社会向现代社会过渡的近代社会发展的时代特征,是建筑文化发展历史中的重要链条。在世界范围内,近现代建筑遗产的研究和保护的地位和重要性渐渐为人们所认识,成为建筑遗产保护的最新领域和课题。中国近代建筑作为受多元文化影响下的历史见证,是中国建筑遗产的重要内容,是中国城市历史风貌的有机组成部分,其历史和文化的重要价值已经被逐渐认识,对它的研究也不断深入。当前,对相对薄弱的内陆省份近代建筑的研究已经开始受到关注,成为当前中国近代建筑研究的主要趋势之一。西安近代建筑反映了中国内陆一般城市近代建筑发展的特征,也是西安城市发展史中的重要链条和西安近代建筑发展的物质见证,具有重要的研究价值和意义。本文在对西安地区近代建筑进行文献研究、实地普查、调研、测绘的基础上,对西安近代建筑的发展进程、建筑类型和实例、建筑特征、价值评估和保护进行了深入的研究。首先,以西安近代社会的政治、经济、历史、文化的变迁与发展为背景,以对西安近代建筑的考察为依据,对西安近代建筑的发展进程进行了划分：萌芽期(1840年-1911年)、发展期(1911年-1945年)、停滞期(1945年-1949年),并分析了各个发展阶段与西安近代的地理交通条件和中国近代政治、军事、经济和社会文化发展的关联。其次,对西安近代建筑进行了分类研究：外来宗教建筑、工业建筑、公共建筑和居住建筑等。对各种建筑类型的发展、现存实例表现和特征进行了详细的分析研究。西安近代建筑类型的变化,反映了近代社会生活的转型。第三,对西安近代建筑在建筑类型、建筑形式与风格、建筑技术(材料、结构与构造、设备)、建筑室内装饰、建筑制度与建筑、施工队伍等方面的特征表现进行了总结。并将其同西安传统建筑和沿海开埠城市近代建筑特征进行对比,通过纵横两方面的比较,可以很清楚地看到西安近代建筑的时代特征和地域特征。第四,在对现有建筑遗产评估体系和西安近代建筑遗产特征分析的基础上,运用AHP法(层次分析法)和Delphi法(专家调查法)建立了西安近代建筑评价体系。通过对西安近代建筑遗产的价值评估全面发掘西安近代建筑所具有的独特的历史价值、精神情感价值、艺术价值、科学价值、实用价值和环境价值。并运用MCE(现代综合评价软件包)和Excel软件进行评价统计和运算、分析。最后,运用SPSS软件(社会科学统计程序)对西安近代建筑的现状进行统计分析和交叉分析,并针对其研究与保护所存在的地位不清、研究不足、价值不明、保护不力等问题,提出了对其进行正确的定位、发掘并彰显其价值、进行科学合理保护的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The modern architecture(1840-1949) reflected the historical characteristics of the modern society changing from the traditional society to the contemporary society. It is one of the important link in the historical development chain of the architectural culture. Around the world, the status and the importance of the research and protection of modern architectural heritage was gradually realized by people that it becomes the latest domain and topic in the field of the architectural heritage protection. The Chinese modern architecture, as an indispensable part of Chinese architectural heritage and an organic composition of Chinese modern cities’appearance, its historical and cultural value has been realised by people,and research on it becomes more and more deeply. Presently, the relatively weak research on inland areas’modern architecture starts to obtain attention and becomes one of the main tendencies of current Chinese modern architecture research. Xi’an modern architecture reflects the architectural development of Chinese interior general cities in modern times, meanwhile it is an important chain link in the Xi’an city history and the material testimony of Xi’an modern architecture development, so research on it has great value and significance.Based on the literature search, the general survey and investigation of Xi’an modern architecture(1840-1949), the paper has conducted a thorough research on Xi’an modern architecture about its development process, its type and typical examples, the architecture characteristic, the value assessment and the its protection.First, take Xi’an modern society’s (1840-1949) political, economical, historical and cultural vicissitudes as the background, take the survey and investigation of Xi’an modern architecture as the basis, the paper makes an historical period of the development process of Xi’an modern architecture:Emerging Period (1840-1911), Developing Period (1911-1945) and Stagnation Period (1945-1949). It also analyzes the relationships between each stage and the geographic and traffic conditions of Xi’an and the politics, military, economical, social and cultural development of China in modern times.Next, a study on different types of Xi’an modern architecture (1840-1949):foreign religious architecture, industrial architecture, public architecture and residential architecture. The author made a detailed analysis about each type’s development situation, its typical existing examples and their performance and characteristics.The change of Xi’an modern architectural type reflects the transformation of modern social life.Third, this paper makes a conclusion to the characteristic of Xi’an modern architecture (1840-1949) in architectural type, form and style, construction technology (material, structure and equipment), interior decoration, construction system and troop. Then it compares Xi’an modern architecture’s characteristic with that of Xi’an traditional architecture and the coastal port city’s modern architecture. With these vertical and horizontal comparisons, we may see more clearly about the historical characteristic and the regional characteristic of Xi’an modern architecture.Fourth, through analyzes the existing value assessment systems of architectural heritage and the situation and characteristic of Xi’an modern architectural heritage (1840-1949), this thesis creates Xi’an modern architectural heritage assessment system by using the methods of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and Delphi (The expert investigation method). Through evaluating Xi’an modern architectural heritage, its unique historical value, emotional value, artistic value, scientific value, function value and environmental value can be excavated and exhibited comprehensively. And the use of the MCE (Modern Comprehensive Evaluation) and Excel on statistical analysis of the assessment will make the the result have the guidance significance.Finally, this paper carries on the statistical analysis and the cross-over analysis with SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sciences) software to analyzing the present situation of Xi’an modern architecture(1840-1949), and according to its research and protection problems of unclear status, insufficient research, undefinited value, poor protection, proposes the protection suggestions of clarifying it status, excavating and exhibiting its value and preserving on scientific and reasonable way.更多还原