【作者】 康灵果；

【导师】 白国良；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 结构工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 电力设施在国民经济中具有重要作用,特别在抗震救灾中具有突出作用。火电厂主厂房是电力设施中重要的建筑结构。自从1875年世界上第一个火力发电厂诞生以来,主厂房结构体系经历了130多年的变革。随着近几年我国经济增长,火电机组容量增大,出现了越来越多的大型火力发电厂。主厂房作为重要的电力设施和生命线工程,由于工艺布置要求导致整体性较差,荷载巨大,质量和刚度不均匀,地震作用效应明显,而我国是地震多发区,为了减轻地震灾害的影响,保证电力生产安全进行,对火电厂主厂房抗震性能和设计方法研究具有重要的理论意义和长远的实际意义。传统的主厂房钢筋混凝土结构体系仅适用于低烈度区,端部增加剪力墙后,结构刚度更加不均匀,存在先天不足；钢结构体系虽抗震性能优于混凝土结构体系,但造价昂贵且后期维护费用大。本文在对传统火力发电厂结构形式调研和计算分析的基础上,提出了既符合抗震要求又满足工艺布置要求的少墙型钢混凝土框架新型主厂房结构体系,通过缩尺模型试验和非线性有限元计算分析对该新型结构体系进行抗震性能研究,在此基础上总结了少墙型钢混凝土框架结构主厂房的抗震设计方法,并基于中医理论提出了主厂房全寿命设计方法。首先,选取3跨3榀少墙型钢混凝土框架结构主厂房设计和制作缩尺比为1/7的模型,进行动力特性试验、拟动力试验和拟静力试验,通过试验研究,得到模型结构的动力特性,包括自振周期,振型和阻尼比以及模型结构在不同加速度峰值地震波作用下的荷载和位移反应。其次,对模型试验研究结果进行了详细分析,掌握了少墙型钢混凝土框架结构的动力特性、刚度退化规律、整体变形能力、耗能能力、延性、承载力等抗震性能,确定了薄弱层位置,讨论了横向剪力墙、煤斗大梁、除氧器大梁、超短柱等典型构件的受力性能。第三,采用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立少墙型钢混凝土框架主厂房有限元结构模型,输入ELCENTRO地震波,对该新型结构主厂房进行了非线性地震反应分析,研究了其在8度基本烈度和罕遇烈度地震作用下受力性能,变形能力,承载能力。根据模型试验研究和非线性有限元计算分析,得知少墙型钢混凝土框架主厂房满足“小震不坏、大震不倒”的8度设防要求,具有较好的变形、耗能能力,薄弱部位发生在运转层处,横向剪力墙作为第一道抗震防线,起到了很好的作用。第四,从考虑结构安全和工艺设备正常运行出发,作者提出了抗震综合性能设防目标,给出了少墙型钢混凝土框架主厂房抗震设计流程,并阐述了地震作用计算和变形控制方法；为保证结构在大震作用下抗倒塌性能,研究了如何建立多道抗震防线：剪力墙是少墙型钢混凝土框架主厂房的第一道抗震防线,应该有良好的抗震性能,研究了其设置原则和边缘约束构件设计方法；本文还给出了型钢混凝土柱轴压比限值和含钢率的要求,结合试验研究和计算分析结果,提出了合理的设计建议和抗震措施。第五,利用中医理论的“整体观念、辨证论治”等思想,基于保证主厂房结构性能和设备功能正常,探讨了中医理论在火电厂主厂房设计中的应用。提出采用全寿命设计方法进行主厂房设计,把主厂房的一生分为三个阶段,并给出了各个阶段的设计流程。综合考虑主厂房结构在整个寿命期内的性能变化规律,为使最小的总体投资达到最大的经济和社会效益,作者总结出了主厂房全寿命周期总费用优化设计公式。最后根据全文研究内容,总结了少墙型钢混凝土框架主厂房整体抗震性能、典型构件受力性能、抗震设计方法、全寿命设计流程等研究成果。关于少墙型钢混凝土框架主厂房抗震性能研究在国内尚属首次,本文可以为该新型主厂房体系在实际工程中的应用提供基础数据和参考资料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electric power constructions have important influences on development of national economy, especially in earthquake relief. The main building in thermal power plant is one of the key electric power constructions, and from the first thermal power plant in the world was born in 1875, the main building structural style has experienced many changes in more than 130 years. In recent years, many larger thermal power plants have built up following development of national economy and power units capacity. The main buildings are important electric power construction and lifeline engineering, and they have complex mechanical performance, such as weak integrity caused by technology requirement, large loads action, mass and stiffness distributed uneven, serious earthquake action effect. China located in multiple earthquake area, considering reduce the influence of earthquake action effect and ensure the safe running of power units, it has significant theoretical and future practical value for seismic performance and design method research on the main building in thermal power plant.There are some studies express that reinforcement concrete structure just can be adopted in low intensity district, the stiffness of reinforcement concrete structure with end shear walls distribute uneven, and they have some congenital deficiencies. Although the seismic performance of steel main building is better than reinforcement concrete structure, the cost of construction and maintains is far more than reinforcement concrete structure. In the dissertation, on the basis of investigation and calculate analysis about many kinds of main building structure systems, few walls and SRC frame new structure main building which can satisfy seismic and technological arranged requirements is proposed to adopt in large thermal power plant. Then model experiment and nonlinear infinite analysis of the new structure main building is carried out to study seismic performance, seismic design method is submitted. With traditional Chinese medicine theory the whole-life design method of main building is proposed.Firstly, a 1/7 scale space model of three spans and three frames which are from few walls and SRC frame main building were designed and build to carry out the dynamic character test, pseudo-dynamic test and pseudo-static test. Based on the test, the dynamic characters of model including the natural vibration frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratio, the load and displacement response on earthquake waves action with different peak accelerations are acquired.Secondly, the experiment results are carefully analyzed, dynamic characters, the rule of stiffness degradation, the capacity of whole deformation and energy dissipation, the ductility, bearing capacity of few walls and SRC frame structure are studied. The weak story is determined, and the mechanical performance of classic members which contain horizontal shear walls, coalbunker beams, deaerator beams, ultra short columns are discussed.Thirdly, the finite element model of few walls and SRC frame structure is built up using ABAQUS. By using ELCENTRO wave as earthquake input, the nonlinear seismic response of the new structure is analyzed. The mechanical performance, deformation and load-bearing capacity of the new structure with 8 intensity intermediate and rare earthquake actions are studied. The results of experiment and finite element analysis indicate that the few walls and SRC frame main building can meet the satisfaction of 8 intensity fortification requirement which is, so called,’ no damage in small earthquake, no collapse in strong earthquake’. The new structure has good deformation and energy dissipation capacity, and the weak story is located on running floor. The horizontal shear walls can perform as the first seismic defending line of the structure.Fourthly, considering the safety of the main building structure and keeping the operation of the technological equipments, the general seismic performance fortification targets put forward, and the seismic design procedure of the few walls and SRC frame are presented. Both the method of earthquake force calculation and the deformation control are discussed. In order to maintain the collapse resistant capacity of the structure, the multiple seismic defending lines are studied. And the results indicate that the shear walls with good seismic performance are the first seismic defending line of the few walls and SRC frame main building. The arrangement principle and the edge constraint member design method of shear walls are studied. The limit of axial compression ratio and appropriate steel ratio of SRC (steel reinforcement concrete) columns are established. Combining with the results of the test and the analysis, a reasonable design suggestion and seismic construction details of few walls and SRC frame structure are presented. Fifthly, the thought of’ the organic whole concept’ and’treatment based on syndrome differentiation’ which is based on theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine is introduced into the main building structure whole life design. The whole life of main building is divided into three stages, and the design processes of each stage are established. Considering the performance variation law of main building structure in its whole life, the optimal design formula for whole life cost of main building is summarized, the purpose of which is to achieve maximum economy and social benefit with minimum total investment.Finally, according research contents of the whole dissertation, some important conclusions about seismic performance of few walls and SRC frame, such as mechanical properties of classical members, design methods, whole life design procedure are summarized. At present, the seismic performance research about the few walls and SRC frame structure is the first time in the domestic. The study of this dissertation can provide basic data and references for further practical engineering application of the few walls and SRC frame main building structure.更多还原