【作者】 吴彩丽；

【导师】 徐飞；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着大科学时代的来临,科学技术的社会化程度不断增强,科学技术与国家经济社会的关系越来越密切,为提高自然科学研究水平,各国在科学研究方面的投入也越来越大,如何有效促进自然科学研究水平的进一步提高,已成为我国面临的现实问题。本文以科学社会学原理为指导,运用科学计量学等方法,尝试对我国自然科学的研究水平进行了实证研究。关于我国自然科学研究水平的概念界定,本文对科研评价的“质”和“量”的关系进行了说明,概括分析了当前表征科研水平“质”和“量”的主要指标,对国家自然科学研究水平评价的理论和指标也进行了简要介绍；在此基础上,对我国自然科学研究的状况进行了初步总结,具体包括我国自然科学研究的经费状况、人才队伍状况和区域差异状况三个方面；接下来利用科学计量学的方法,以相关软件为辅助,对我国自然科学的研究水平进行了量化研究,分别对研究型大学和其它科研机构进行了量化分析,并对我国自然科学研究人员的年龄结构和合作模式进行了量化研究,把我国自然科学研究水平放在经济社会大背景中考察,对影响我国自然科学研究水平的科研教育、科研经费、科研人员、政策环境和科研文献等分别进行了研究；在与国际主要发达国家自然科学研究水平比较的基础上,尝试提出了提高我国自然科学研究水平的对策和建议。本文试图运用大量的数据进行相关实证研究,在表征具体的问题时,采用提取相关数据库内容的方法进行,并用软件和科学计量学的方法对数据进行辅助分析,使得出的研究结论更具有说服力。但由于学科之间差异性的存在,使得本研究难以站在所有学科的角度上进行全面的实证研究,这是本研究的局限性。为尽可能避免纯粹量化研究的局限性,所有数据方法不仅建立在数学的合理性基础上,还尽量利用科学哲学和科学社会学等理论进行了分析和解释。随着大科学时代的到来,影响科学发展的内外因素错综复杂,本文只是从实证角度对各主要方面进行了探索和研究,希望能对相关研究人员管理和决策提供初步的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the socialization of scientific research growing in the big scientific era, the relationship between S&T and national economy becomes more and more closer. In order to improve the national level of natural science research, many states increased the investment in natural sciences continually, but how to further improve the natural science research level, it is a real problem. Based on the principle of scientific sociological theory, using the method of scientometrics, the paper made an empirical study of the research level of China’s natural science.This paper firstly defined the concept of natural science research level, and put forward the social defined mode of the natural science research level. The paper introduced the relationship between’quality’ and’quantity’, and illustrated the scientific research level index which represented the’quality’ and’quantity’, and the theory and index of national natural science research evaluation is briefly introduced. Secondly, the paper introduced the situation of China’s natural science research, in which includes the funds, personnel and regional in China. Thirdly, using the scientomentrics method and several social statistics software, the paper made a quantitive study for the natural science research level. Specifically this quantitive study includes:the universities and other scientific institutions, the science cooperation and age structure model. The natural scientific research level is progressed on the macroscopical economic and social background, in which involved five aspects: scientific education, research funds, research personnel, policy environment and scientific literature. Fourth, the paper compared the Chinese natural science level with developed countries, and tried to provide the corresponding measures and suggestions which will improve the natural scientific research level in China.This paper tried to use large amounts of data and extract the related contents of the database for specific problems. Combining with software and scientometrics method, the conclusion must be more persuasive. However, because of the differences between subjects, the limitation of this study is that it is impossible to use for all natural subjects. For as far as possible to avoid the limitation of pure quantitative research, all data involved based on the rationality of mathematical method, also the study had been inspected by S&T theory.As the socialization of scientific research growing in the big scientific era, the external and internal factors which influenced the scientific development were intricate. The paper studied major factors from the empirical perspective, in the hope of providing a preliminary consideration for management and decision of relevant researchers.更多还原