【作者】 杨丽；

【导师】 徐飞；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 中国女性科学家群体状况的研究不但是科学社会学的理论问题,也是科学人才战略配置的实践问题。本文以中国女性科学家群体为研究对象,运用计量分析和实证研究相结合的方法,对中国女性科学家群体的一些关键特征进行了细致探析；在此基础上,进一步探讨分析了中国女性科学家群体从事科研活动存在的问题与阻碍；通过与国际女性科学家群体状况的比较,进一步考察了中国女性科学家群体在国际相关领域的基本定位；研究中国女性对科学技术活动的参与程度以及影响她们科学地位取得的因素,不仅可以丰富深化对中国女性科学群体基本状况以及女性从事科技工作现状的认识,也可以为未来的人才培养以及科学的持续进步提供基于女性研究专门视角的独特建议。具体而言,本文在以下四个方面进行了较为深入的研究：第一,在对中国女性科学家群体状况进行科学社会学分析的过程中,通过对中国女性科学家群体的年龄构成、出生地域、学历结构、留学状况和当选年份等参数的计量分析,系统阐述了中国女性科学家的社会分层特征：中国科学院女性院士绝大部分已年过70,呈现出老年化的倾向；不同的科学领域,女性参与程度有所不同,生物医学领域的女性科学家人数较多；国家应该制定相关政策鼓励更多女性从事科学技术工作。第二,对中国女性科学家群体状况进行较深入的实证分析,试图从科学领域女性缺位现象、科研产出之谜及其解析、科学管道效应三个方面的分析,揭示中国女性科学家群体在科学研究中所遇到的问题。通过对其原因的探析,进一步探讨中国女性科学人才成长的一般规律：初步的研究认为性别意识、接受教育状况、人际关系与态度三个方面应该是导致女性及科研产出稀缺的基本原因；女性科研产出不足主要是由社会选择因素共同作用造成的；科学文化与组织的制约、获取教育资源的制约、科学共同体认可的影响、同行评议和学术职业性别隔离的影响等都制约了中国女性进入科学研究领域。第三,从女性科学家的国际比较研究来看,相对于美国而言,我国高等教育机构中女性的比例稍低,但差距不大。我国女性研究人员所占全部研究人员比例为1/3,与国外相比,所占比例属于中等水平。相对于美国与其他欧洲国家,我国两院女院士人数为98人,比例为5.06%,这个比例在国际水平中较为乐观。近十年中国女博士生研究生培养方面进步显著,但每万人中女博士毕业生的比例,还远落后于美国。第四,本文试图从社会建制和院士制度的角度对女性院士进行初步研究,针对女性院士现状,提出建议如下：完善社会建制,促进男女院士的协调发展；建议加大对女性院士的政策扶持。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study on group status of Chinese female scientists is to probe the theory of sociology of science, and also it reflects the practical question of scientific talented person strategy disposition. This article taking the group of Chinese female scientists as the research object, analyzes detailedly some key characteristics of female scientists based on the quantitative analysis and empirical study. From this basis, the question and hindrance which the Chinese female scientists engaged in the scientific research activities is further explored. Compared with the group status of international female scientists, the fundamental location of Chinese female scientists in the international related field is further investigated. Research on the level of Chinese females participating in the science and technology activities and the influence of factors on their science status, not deepen the cognition of the basic group status of Chinese female scientists and enrich the knowledge of present situation of women engaged in science and technology, but provide the unique suggestion based on a female perspective study for futural personnel training as well as the science continual progress.Concretely speaking, research is relatively deeply studied by this paper in the following four aspects:First, in the process of the sociology of science analysis on group status of Chinese female scientists, the social stratification characteristics of the Chinese female scientists are elaborated while the parameters, the birth structure, the birth place distribution, degree structure, abroad study experiences, elected year are quantitatively analyzed. The age of female academicians of Chinese Academy of Science mostly exceeds 70, showing the tendency of aging. The women’s participation varies from different scientific field. Most female scientists choose the medical field. The country should formulate the related policy to encourage more women to engage in the science and technology work.Second, conduct the empirical analysis on the group status of Chinese female scientists. Attempting from the elaboration of female vacancy phenomenon, the productivity puzzle and the scientific pipeline effect, the questions of the Chinese female scientists which encountered in the scientific research are discovered. Through its reason analysis, the general rule which the Chinese female talented persons grow is further discussed. Three aspects of the sex consciousness, accepting education condition, interpersonal relationship and manner caused the women scarcity in scientific research. It summarizes that the the origin of women’s insufficient scientific output is mainly caused by the social selection factors. The scientific culture and organization, obtaining education resources, the approval of scientific community, the colleague appraisal and the gender seperation restricted Chinese women to entering into the scientific field.Third, compared group status of Chinese female scientists with that of overseas group, taking the US as the example, the female proportion in high education organization in our country is slightly low, but the gap is not too heavy. Chinese female researchers take up one-third of all researchers. with comparison, this proportion belongs to the medium level. Relative to American and other European countries, the population of the Chinese female academicians is 98 meanwhile the proportion is 5.06% and these numbers are relatively high. In recent ten year, the achievement of Chinese female doctor degree graduate students is remarkable. Inspecting the proportion in every ten thousand doctor degree persons, however, China falls far behind the US.Fourth, this article attempts from the viewpoint of social organizational system and academician system to do the preliminary study on female academicians. Concerned the present situation of female academicians, the suggestion is as follows: perfecting social organizational system, promoting male and female academicians coordinated development, and also the policy support for female academicians should be strengthened.更多还原