【作者】 王力；

【导师】 王希隆；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 中国少数民族史， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本文在详细占有资料的基础上,充分借鉴、吸收学术界的相关研究成果,结合民族学的社会实地调查资料及政治学的政策分析法,系统论述了清朝在回疆地区政治、经济、军事、宗教、文化等政策措施的渊源、背景、内容、特色、功能、演变、结果、得失及其影响；如政策制定的过程及其理念,不同时期政策调整的原因及其意义,朝廷和地方官员对回疆事件的决策、观点及其影响,政策实施过程中的失误及其后果等等；动静并重,正反兼顾,力图全面、客观地把握有清-代治理回疆政策的整体脉络,真实地反映其发展演变历程,并给予客观的评价。全文共包括导论及八章内容。其中导论部分主要介绍了本课题的选题缘由、研究范围、研究方法、研究资料以及学术界对清代回疆治理政策的基本研究状况。第一章论述了清朝统一新疆前对回疆地区的经营；这一时期,由于历史原因,清朝与回疆地区的接触较少,清朝的治理政策主要通过建立互动关系并以控制哈密、争夺吐鲁番的形式实现。第二章、第三章论述了新疆统一至新疆建省时期清朝的回疆治理政策；乾隆二十四年(1759年),清政府平定大小和卓叛乱,于回疆地区建立起稳固的统治之后,开始在回疆建立一系列规章制度,实现全面治理；同治三年(1864年),回疆地区爆发农民起义,清朝在当地的统治被冲垮,中亚浩罕国军官阿古柏窃据回疆部分地区十三年；直到光绪十年(1884年),清政府收复新疆,设置行省；这一期间,回疆整体上处在军府制度统治之下,清朝的在这一地区的政策具有浓厚的民族性及地域色彩。第四章论述了新疆建省后清朝回疆的新治理政策；光绪十年(1884年)新疆建省,并逐步开始内地化,清朝回疆治理政策也进行了重大调整,推行郡县制度,实施新政；此时,清朝政府在回疆实施的各项政策开始与全国保持一致,并逐步与国际接轨,这加速了新疆的近代化进程。第五至第八章以专题形式分别论述了清政府在回疆地区的边防、经济、教育、宗教政策,探讨了各项政策实施的背景、过程及其特点和得失,以期从中吸取教训,获得有益启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper systematically discusses the origin, background, details, features, functions, evolution, result, gain and loss, and influence of the policies and measures that were taken by rulers of Qing dynasty on Huijiang’s politics, economics, military affairs, religion, and culture; for instance, the course and logos in policy-making, the reason and significance of policy adjustment in different periods, the decision and viewpoints of the court and local officials plus the effects brought about, and the errors in carrying out policies together with their consequences etc., which are unfolded under the foundation of detailed data possession, full utilization and absorption of related academic achievements, and the combination of field survey in ethnology with policy analysis in politics. The paper elaborates both statically and dynamically, both positively and negatively, attempting to comprehensively and objectively grasp the policies on Huijiang in Qing dynasty, truly reflect the evolution of its policies, and, accordingly, make an impersonal evaluation of them.This paper totally includes the introduction and eight chapters. The introduction mainly gives a description of reasons in choosing this topic, research scope, research methods, research materials and the current academic research situation of Huijiang’s ruling policies in Qing dynasty. The first chapter relates the administration in Huijiang before Qing’s unification of Xinjiang; due to some historical reasons in this period, not much did Qing dynasty contact with the Huijiang district, and its governance was realized through the establishment of interactive relationship, the control of Hami and the capture of Turpan. Chapter two and three reveal the controlling policies in Huijiang from the unification of Xinjiang to the establishment of Xinjiang province. In Qianlong twenty-four years i.e. in 1,759, Qing government put down the rebellion of Burhan al-Din and Khwaja Jinan, who once governed the south of Tianshan Mountain, from then on, rulers began to obtain stable domination in this area and set up a series of rules and regulations in Huijiang so as to achieve comprehensive governance. In Tongzhi three years, i.e. in 1,864, Huijiang peasant uprising broke out, Qing’s rule in the local was overthrown, and a military officer of Kokand State in Central Asia called Yaqub Beg occupied the Huijiang Area for thirteen years. Until in Guangxu ten years, i.e. in 1,884, did the Qing government recover Xinjiang, and reset the province there; during this period, Huijiang was under the command of military system on the whole and policies in this area featured strong color of nationality and region. Chapter four deals with the new policies adopted by Qing dynasty in Huijiang after the establishment of Xinjiang province in Guangxu ten years, i.e. in 1,884. Afterwards, Xinjiang province gradually stepped into inland, moreover, great adjustments were made in Qing’s ruling policies on Huijiang, for example, carrying out system of prefectures and counties, and the implementation of New Deal. At that time, all new policies implemented by Qing government in Huijiang started to keep consistent with that throughout the whole country and gradually approach internationalization, which, as a result, accelerate the modernization of Xinjiang. Chapter five to eight describe respectively in subject Qing’s policy of frontier defense, economics, education, and religion in Huijiang district, and make some exploration on these policies’implementation concerning background, cause, characteristics, gain and loss, with an expectation to draw a lesson and get some beneficial enlightenment from the following above.更多还原