【作者】 刘瑶瑶；

【导师】 徐黎丽；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 民族学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 青海省海西州地处青藏高原北部,大部分地区高寒缺氧,自然条件十分恶劣,不适宜农耕生产,因而自古便是游牧少数民族的聚居地。作为边疆重地,自汉代起,历代中央政府不断从各地招募和迁移汉族群众到海西地区屯田戍边,以达到维护国家安定与保卫领土完整的目的。千百年来,一代一代的汉族移民同当地少数民族一起为改善海西地区的人居生存环境、发展海西经济、构建海西多民族文化体系作出了不可磨灭的贡献。新中国成立之后,无论是政府组织移民,还是自发性移民,海西地区移民的数量和规模都是空前的。在同当地蒙、藏等少数民族共同生活的几十年里,汉族移民在生计模式、婚姻文化、宗教信仰、丧葬文化等方面发生了巨大的变迁。本文以乌兰县铜普镇四个移民村为考察对象,通过调查村落中汉族移民文化变迁的典型性来展现海西州汉族移民文化变迁的历程,并以村落中汉族与其他少数民族之间民族关系现状来反映海西移民地区民族关系的整体状况。全文由八章构成,大致可分成三部分。第一部分为绪论,论述本研究的整体背景,阐明本论文的研究意义,概述本选题的相关研究现状,并在此基础上对本文的研究方法、写作思路、相关概念与调查点的选择理由分别进行说明。第一章概述了调查地点的自然生态环境、历史沿革、各民族等基本情况。第二章对民国至解放后海西地区汉族移民的来源、类型、迁移原因等问题进行了梳理,并以此为背景对铜普镇汉族移民的情况进行了探讨。从第三章到第七章为本论文的主体部分,主要由对田野资料的具体分析构成。第三章对汉族移民生计模式的变迁过程与原因进行了阐述,在此基础上详尽探讨了汉族移民多元化的生计模式和当地经济发展中急需解决的几个问题。第四章主要从族际通婚、招赘婚姻、村内通婚三个方面对当地汉族移民婚姻文化变迁进行了分析。第五章对于汉族移民藏传佛教信仰现状与特点进行调查分析,并对藏传佛教与汉族移民民俗的互动、融合进行了论述。第六章对当地汉族移民丧葬仪式过程进行了详细说明,在此基础上探究了汉族移民丧葬仪式的变迁特点及其功能。第七章通过选取居住格局、个体交往、语言使用、宗教信仰、民族意识与社会距离等六个变量,对当地民族关系现状进行了综合考量,进而探讨当地民族关系的特点,并对如何促进民族关系良性发展提出几点建议。第八章为本论文的结语,总结海西地区汉族移民文化变迁的特点、影响因素,预测汉族移民文化变迁的未来走向,并对海西移民地区民族关系的特点及其发展趋势进行展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Haixi Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai province lies at northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Most areas are alpine and hypoxia, and natural condition is very bad, which is unfit for agriculture production, so it has been the habitation of nomadic minority groups. As the border area, the past dynasties continuously recruited and migrated Han immigrants to Haixi region to open up waste land and garrison the frontier in order to maintain national stability and secure territorial integrity. For thousands years, in order to improve living environment, develop economy and build multiple cultural system, Han immigrants with minority groups made great contribution. After new China establishment, the scale and quantity of govermental or spontaneous immigration are great. During these years that they lived together with other ethnic groups in the areas, they have been experiencing cultural changes in their pattern of economy, marriage culture, religion belief and funeral culture and so on.The paper aims to unfold process of Han immigrants and present situation of ethnic relations of Haixi immigrant region by taking four immigrant villages of Tongpu township in Wulan country as a classical case to illustrate the aspects of their cultural change.This paper consists of eight chapters, three parts.The first part is prolegomenon, which discusses the whole background of this paper, illustrates research significance and current research situation, explain study methods, writing thoughts, related concepts and reasons of choosing investigated villages. The first chapter summaries natural environment, historical evolution and national situation. The second chapter discusses origin, types and immigration reason in Haixi region from the Republic of China to now, and introduce Han immigrants of Tongpu town.The chapters from third to seventh are the main body of this paper and also the part for analyzing the field-work-abtained data. The third chapter illustrates change process and reasons of pattern of economy, discribes multiple pattern of economy, and puts forward pressing problems in economic development. The fourth chapter discusses the change of marriage culture from aspects of ethnic intermarriage, uxorilocal marriage and village marriage. The fifth chapter mainly investigates and analyzes present situation and characters of Han immigrants’religion belief on Tibetan Buddhism, discusses fusion between Han’s folk custom and Tibetan Buddhism. The sixth chapter detailed describes the process of funeral ritual, and illustrates characters and function of funeral ritual.The seventh chapter chooses six variables, namely inhabitation pattern, individual communication, language use, religion belief, national consciousness and social distance, to comprehensively considerate ethnic relation, furthermore concludes the characters of ethnic relation and puts forword several suggestions.The eighth chapter is concluding remarks to this topic, which discusses characters and trends of Han immigrants’ cultural change, and concludes characters, influencing factors and tendency of ethnic relations in Haixi immigrant region.更多还原