【作者】 仇银豪；

【导师】 刘晓明；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 藏传佛寺作为藏传佛教文化的载体,蕴含着弥足珍贵的历史文化信息。北京的藏传佛寺丰富了古都城市形象,扩充着文化内涵,延续着北京历史建筑遗产的文脉,更继承和弘扬了民族多元的文化特征。目前对藏传佛教以及藏传佛寺的研究多集中在教义、经典、藏式建筑、宗教符号等方面,却少涉及藏传佛寺整体空间布局、环境特征等内容,本文从构建风景园林的各序列要素入手,对北京藏传佛寺的分布、择址、空间布局、建筑型制,以及道路广场、特色小品、绿化植载等方面进行较为系统的研究,并对其保护和利用提出相应的建议。以此作为对前人研究支系的一个重要补充,为今后北京藏传佛寺保护、修缮、复建等提供相关的参考依据。本文按照理论与实践相结合的方法,在分析整理藏传佛教和其他地区藏传佛寺概况的基础上,结合考察调研的北京现存12个藏传佛寺,采取实测、摄影、访谈等方式获得第一手资料,加以归纳分析支撑研究的成果。研究最终认为：藏传佛教在藏区和古都北京都有着极为广泛的社会影响力；留存至今的北京藏传佛寺是一个复杂的文化综合体,受到汉藏文化双重影响；北京藏传佛寺通过山水环境、建筑群体布局,特色小品、绿化植栽等因素共同营造佛寺空间环境；北京藏传佛寺空间环境是具有强烈宗教涵义、追求秩序平衡的特色空间；北京藏传佛寺的建筑价值在于其功能用途及文化底蕴上,展现作为藏传佛寺建筑特有的隐匿其中的宗教内涵；北京藏传佛寺的道路广场、特色小品、植栽绿化以其简洁的规制、特有的文化寓意和谦逊的态度出现在佛寺之中,对其整体空间环境地塑造提供不可或缺的帮助；北京现存的藏传佛寺是为古城的历史文化遗产,对其进行保护和利用有着重要的现实意义。重新审视和研究在京现存的藏传佛寺,不仅有利于佛寺的保护和利用,更重要的是对北京古城文化内涵的再一次更新,将会使这一富有特殊文化意义的研究工作产生新的社会价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a carrier of Tibetan Buddhist culture, Tibetan Buddhist temples reserve much information with great historical and cultural value. Beijing’s Tibetan Buddhist temples have enriched the image of this ancient capital city, extended its cultural connotations, carried on the cultural vein of its historical architectural heritage and inherited and carried forward the diverse characteristics of the Chinese nation. At present, studies on Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhist temples mainly focus on its doctrine, sutras, Tibetan-style architecture and religious symbols, with little touch on the overall spatial layout and environmental characteristics of Tibetan Buddhist temples. On the basis of the sequential elements in constructing landscape architecture, this paper conducts systematic study of the distribution, site selection, spatial layout, architecture style, roads and squares, featured ornaments, and greening of Tibetan Buddhist Temples in Beijing, and proposes corresponding protection and utilization recommendations. This paper serves as an important complementation of the previous studies and provides relevant reference evidence to the future protection, restoration, and reconstruction of Tibetan Buddhist Temples in Beijing.Combining theory with practice and based on reorganizing information on Tibetan Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhist temples in other areas, study results are got from first-hand data collected through on-site measurement, photographing and interview in investigating 12 existing Tibetan Buddhist temple in Beijing. Through analyses, final conclusions are given as follows:Tibetan Buddhism, in both Tibet and Beijing, has extensive social influences; the galaxy of Beijing’s Tibetan Buddhist temples is a complex synthesis influenced by dual cultures of the Tibetan and the Han nationality; Spatial environment of Beijing’s Tibetan Buddhist temples is created through multiple factors of landscape, building groups layout, featured ornaments, greening planting; The spatial environment of Beijing’s Tibetan Buddhist temples bears a strong religious characteristic and is sequentially balanced in the space of etiquette; The architectural value of Beijing’s Tibetan Buddhist temples lies in their functions, cultural connotations and significances in reflecting the religious connotations hidden in Tibetan Buddhist temples; Roads, squares, featured ornaments, greening and vegetation present in Beijing’s Tibetan Buddhist temples with their simplicity in style, distinctive connotations in culture and humility in air; such factors are indispensable in helping shape the spatial environment of Beijing’s Tibetan Buddhist temples. The existing Tibetan Buddhist temples in Beijing are historical and cultural heritages of the city, therefore, protection and utilization of the temples is of great significance.The work of re-examining and studying the existing Tibetan Buddhist temples in Beijing will benefit the protection and utilization of temples, more importantly, it will update Beijing’s cultural connotations and bring new social values out of the study which has an unique cultural meaning.更多还原