【作者】 卢圣；

【导师】 周曦；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 人类面临着严峻的环境威胁,为追求人、社会、自然环境的和谐统一,可持续发展已然成为当今人类对未来发展模式的共识,城市居住区园林建设是实现人居环境可持续发展重要的一隅。该文从可持续发展的角度研究居住区园林设计方法,提出将“园林可持续设计”的概念作为居住区园林设计的方法。在重新审视国内外近现代城市居住区从单纯的居住区设计到社区设计的发展历程的基础上,从纵向理解人类居住区发展趋向,同时从横向的角度分析现有的居住区的设计问题。对居住区园林可持续设计的理念和方法进行全面、综合的分析和总结,并提出居住区可持续设计的评价框架体系及评价内容。目的在于结合中国当前居住区建设和开发的实际,探讨适合中国国情的居住区可持续发展道路。论文围绕居住区园林可持续设计进行了研究,主要内容和观点如下：(1)园林可持续设计方法是风景园林可持续发展的重要方法。基于风景园林的使命,必须顺应历史潮流及环境变化趋势,寻找更为合理的设计方法,而以可持续发展思想为内核的园林可持续设计方法,契合了这种变化。作者认为园林可持续设计的形成是园林设计方法的范式进步。(2)通过回溯近现代国内外的城市规划发展及居住区园林的嬗变,该文认为无论是乌托邦式的理想主义规划还是当代理性的城市规划,人们都是在沿着城市、社会可持续发展的方向努力,其中出现的各种问题,如物质规划为主、精英式规划、居住区与城市关系分离等,归根到底是由于社会、经济、自然环境的失衡和人本中心主义的思想观念的问题。正因为规划设计的理念和方法受认识的深度和社会发展水平影响,所以城市和居住区可持续发展需要科学发展观做指导,并依赖于可持续设计技术。(3)分析了可持续发展思想的生成历程,在此基础上提出“园林可持续设计”的定义：“综合自然科学、工程技术和人文科学知识,统筹平衡环境、经济、社会三个维度的因素,充分利用自然条件、合理应用景观材料、保护和构建代际自然生态系统平衡、尊重自然遗产和传统文化并重视设计管理的一种园林设计的方法。”并就园林可持续设计方法做了探索和总结,即：①融入生态关怀的整体性关注；②尊重自然；③尊重地域文化；④人性化设计；⑤以可持续性技术为支撑。⑥公众参与设计；⑦节约化设计。(4)针对现代城市发展状况,就居住区园林设计从可持续设计的角度进行了分析,提出居住区园林可持续设计的主要方法和主要原则：主要方法如下：①结合自然环境的设计方式；②注重居住区园林中的交流空间的创造；③应用可持续性技术方式营建节约型园林；④注重居住文化精神的传承；⑤注重创造心理愉悦的环境设计。主要原则：①全过程原则；②最低能耗原则；③自然-社会-经济均衡可持续原则；④技术可持续性原则；⑤管理可持续性原则；⑥公众参与性原则。(5)在研究对比相关评价方法后,该文建立了可持续园林可持续性评价框架体系。在分析建筑及相关居住区评价的基础上,提出可持续园林可持续评价指标的四大类分类方法,即：生态环境的保护与促进评价、人工环境质量的评价、文化传承性评价、经济性评价。同时对相关指标进行了初步的设定。作者认为,在人类改变自然环境的过程中,可持续设计的方法是可持续发展的必由之路,是在人工与自然环境中寻找和平共处之路。在园林可持续设计思想下,建设可持续发展的中国园林,为人居环境作出贡献是风景园林专业应当有的历史眼光和责任。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mankind is faced with serious threats of environment. For harmony of human, social and natural environment, sustainable development is a development model in future. Urban residential area is important part of the sustainable development of living environment in city. Base on review of sustainable development process, paper point out that:"Landscape Architecture Sustainable Design" method is the gl8reatest method to residential environmental design approach.remount to the process of landscape design from a simple design to the community design in modern urban residential area, the paper point out the trend of the human settlements development is sustainable development, and existing problem of residential area were serious. Integrated analysis and summary of landscape architectural sustainable design in residential area concepts and methods, a evaluation framework and a evaluation system for the idea of the sustainable design in residential area had proposed. Aim for sustainable development with our country’s current condition and stage of development, the paper focus on sustainable design of landscape architecture in urban residential area. Main content and presentation are as follows:(1) Landscape Architecture Sustainable Design is an important method for sustainable development in Landscape Architecture field. Based on the Landscape Architecture mission, Landscape Architecture must conform to the historical trend and environmental change, and look for a more rational design method. The core idea of sustainable development in Landscape Architecture Sustainable Design methods fit history change.The paper argues that the formation of Landscape Architecture Sustainable Design is new design model of landscape architecture design progressed in academe.(2) Through review process of modern urban planning of abroad and domestic residential landscape architecture, the paper consider that from utopian idealism and contemporary rational urban planning, people efforts to social and city sustainable development. All issues during the plan and design history such as physical planning, elite-style planning, relationship separation between residential areas and urban, is due to imbalances among social, economic and natural environment; and humanism idea. Planning and design philosophy effected by the cognition of nature and social development level, so sustainable development of city and residential area should directed by Scientific Concept of Development and depend on sustainable design technology.(3) After analyzing the generation process of sustainable development ideology. "Landscape Architecture Sustainable Design" is defined, "Landscape architecture design method that colligated natural sciences, engineering technology and humanities, coordinated balance among environment, economy and society; make full use of natural conditions, rational use landscape materials, to protect and build a sound eco-system, respected for the natural heritage and traditional culture and emphasize landscape architecture design management. The paper also confirm some ways to landscape architecture design:An overall concern about the ecological integration; Respect for nature; Respect for local culture; Humanized design; Support by sustainable technology.(4) Faced modern cities’problem of development, some analysis about sustainable design of landscape architecture in urban residential area is ongoing, and some important methods and principles about sustainable design of landscape architecture in urban residential area were proposed.Main methods are as follows:Design approach with the natural environment. Focus on creating space to resident’s exchange; Construct thrifty landscape architecture with sustainable technical means; Focus on cultural heritage of traditional living; Design make psychological pleasure.Main principles are as follows:Principle of the whole process; Principle of the most low energy consumption; Principle of Nature, society and economic equilibrium; Principle of sustainable technical; Principle of sustainable management; Principle of public participation.(5)Base on comparison of the relevant evaluation methods, the present dissertation established a environmental sustainability evaluation framework for sustainable landscape architecture. And it confirms that categories for indication of sustainable environmental have four, namely:Evaluation of Ecological and environmental protection; Evaluation of artificial environment design; Evaluation of cultural heritage; Economic evaluation. At the same time, the relevant indicators set up.In conclusion, humans have changed the course of the natural environment, sustainable design approach is the only way to sustainable development of natural. Under the idea of sustainable design, to construct sustainable development in the Chinese Landscape Architecture, to make a contribution to habitat environment, landscape architecture should be some historical perspective and responsibility for the natural.更多还原