【作者】 陈世民；

【导师】 唐凯麟；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 财富实际上是一种共同利益的凝结物,因此,财富不仅具有经济意义,而且更具有伦理意义和社会意义。财富伦理所要追求的是财富与自然、财富与人、财富与社会的和谐共生,从而实现促进社会的进步和人的自由全面发展。本文从伦理学与经济学的理论前提出发,采取史论结合、理论与现实相结合的思路与方法。财富伦理就是指人们创造、占有和安排财富的方式及与此相关的生产、交换、分配和使用观念的道德内涵和伦理意蕴。它是人类在认识、创造和支配使用财富过程中个体之间、个体与自然、社会之间相互关系的一种伦理道德思想,是社会、经济行为的价值依据,是人类根据财富的本质要求去创造财富、驾驭财富和运用财富的认识和行动的能力。主要包括三个方面：一是创造财富的冲动力,二是节约财富的抑制力,三是合理运用财富的智慧。财富伦理要求人们从人的主体性地位出发,通过创造财富来发展自身个性和潜能,通过合理运用财富来获得意义和地位,实现自身的价值。在当代背景下,原有的财富伦理已经过时,新的财富伦理又还在探索建设中,人类时刻面临着发展的困境。财富伦理需要解决的核心问题主要有三个：第一,财富获取的正当性；即人们追求财富、创造财富的伦理依据。第二,财富配置的正义性；即财富应被少数人独占还是由全体人民分享,是主要应由国家掌握还是由国民支配。第三,财富使用的合理性；即作为主体的人与作为客体的财富之间的关系是以人为本,还是以物为本。财富伦理与国家、社会和公民紧密相连。就国家而言,历史上的富国强国崛起发展基本上首先都是由财富创造方式的突变、财富的流动和财富思想的变化所引起。就社会而言,如果其发展没有实现对财富创造、分配和使用规律的掌握,没有财富伦理和哲学思想上的升华和突破,极易陷入茫然和失序的状态。就公民个人而言,如果不能从哲学伦理的思维向度上把握财富的真实本质,特别是在当代如果不能完成从“如何增加财富”到“如何支配财富”的文化自觉,人的发展就会迷失方向,容易成为单向度的人。在工业文明时代,富人的数量剧增,引发了人们对于财富伦理、财富责任以及财富文化的更多追问。同时,西方社会在现代工业进程中所出现的异化现象、物化现象、技术理性现象以及消费主义都是对我们构建财富伦理的重大挑战。中国在现代化建设中,如何走出财富伦理的历史迷雾和西方之鉴,是一个重大课题。其核心是构建以人为中心的财富伦理,建设民富、共富、人富的财富伦理,并充分发挥制度的保障作用和制度伦理的导航作用,实现人和社会、自然的和谐共处,促进人的全面自由发展。研究财富伦理,旨在建立财富伦理的理论基础,探讨财富伦理的基本内涵、基本原则、价值目标和主体责任,在理论上一是解决财富伦理何以可能,二是明晰财富伦理如何可能这两个问题,丰富财富伦理研究的内容；在实践中为破解发展困境,实现财富正义,建设和谐社会,提供论证和对策参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wealth, in its essence, is the condensation of common interests; therefore, it has not only economic meaning, but also ethical and social significance. Wealth ethics aims at the harmonious co-existence of wealth and the nature, of wealth and human beings, and of wealth and the society so as to promote the progress of the society and the free and overall development of the human. This dissertation, starting from the theoretical premises of ethics and economics, adopts a methodology combining historical investigation and discussion and integrating theory with practice.Wealth ethics refers to the moral connotation and ethical implication of the ways in which people obtain, possess and arrange their wealth and the relevant conceptions of right, production, exchange and distribution, etc. It is a kind of ethical and moral thoughts in the process of human’s understanding, creating and controling the use of the process of wealth between individuals, individuals and nature, a value basis of social and economical behavior, an ability to recognise and act of creating, managing and spending wealth according to the nature of wealth. It includes three aspects:the impulse to creating wealth, inhibition of saving wealth, wisdom of rational use of wealth. Wealth ethics requires people from the starting position of the main body of people, to develop their personalities and potentials by creating wealth, and to obtain meaning and status, thereby realising their own values by using wealth rationally.In the current context, the existed wealth ethics has been out of date, while the new wealth ethics is under exploration, and the humankind is constantly confronted with dilemmas of development. Wealth ethics is supposed to solve three essential problems. Firstly, what is the legitimacy of acquiring wealth? In other words, in what ways can people acquire wealth and what are their ethical justifications? Secondly, in what ways should wealth be distributed can we say it is fair and just? Should the wealth created by people be possessed by a minority or by the people as a whole, be controlled by the country or by its citizens? Thirdly, how should wealth be used reasonably and acceptably? This involves the subject-object relationship between human and wealth, that is, which should the put in the first place, human or wealth?Wealth ethics is closely linked with the state, society and citizens.As far as a country is concerned, history tells us that the rise of a rich country is always determined by the mutation of the way of creating wealth, the flow of wealth, and the change of thoughts on wealth. For the society, if there is no breakthrough in the philosophy of wealth and historical outlook, and if there is no all-round knowledge about the secrets of the creation, expansion, flow, and distributing principles of wealth, the development of the society would get bogged down. For individuals, if we cannot achieve the wealth enlightenment and cultural self-awareness from "how to increase our wealth" to "how to dispose our wealth" and if we cannot comprehend the true nature of wealth and understand the true meaning of human’s pursuit of wealth from the perspectives of philosophy and ethics, we would get lost. In the times of industrial civilization, with the increase of the number of rich persons, the ethics of rich people arouse people’s questioning over wealth ethics, obligations and culture. In the meantime, phenomena appeared in modern industrialization like alienation, materialization, technological rationality and consumerism are all challenges we confront in establishing wealth ethics.How China, in its process of modernization, gets out of the historical mystery of wealth ethics and avoids the failures of Western countries constitute a major issue. The core problem is that we should construct the people-centered wealth ethics which advocates the prosperity of the people, common prosperity, and prosperity of the human kind, arid which gives full play to the safeguarding function of the institutions and the guiding function of institutional ethics, so as to achieve the peaceful and harmonious co-existence of the human beings, the society and the Nature and the overall and free development of all humans.A study in wealth, ethics consists in building the theoretical foundation, probing into its basic connotation, principles, value objects, and the obligations of its subjects. In regard to theory, we should solve the two questions of why wealth ethics becomes possible and how it becomes possible to enrich the studies in wealth ethics. In practice, it helps to resolve the predicaments in development, to realize justice of wealth, and to build a harmonious society.更多还原