【作者】 郑娟曼；

【导师】 邵敬敏；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 在现代汉语口语中,存在大量贬抑性的习语构式,其情感意义并不是其组构成分意义的简单相加,而是语用规约化的结果。本文是以构式语法理论与语义语法理论为背景对这些贬抑性习语构式进行了比较系统、全面地考察和研究。其主要内容如下：一、构式是基于使用的储存单位,对于不可推导性较强的习语构式可以以意义为纲建立系统。而本文就是以贬抑性的构式义为纲建立体系的尝试。二、人的情感是一个连续的统一体,不同情感的产生跟主体的主观期望值有关。高于主观期望值的为褒扬性情感,低于期望值的为贬抑性情感。前者通过褒扬性构式表达,而后者通过贬抑性构式表达。并且这些构式常常与特定的话语行为相联系。三、贬抑性习语构式是贬抑性构式的非常规形式。它具有以下几个特点：一是口语性；二是贬抑义是构式规约化的语用意义；三是构式内部具有不同程度的不可推导性；四是具有比较模糊的共性承继性。四、差评义构式、责怪义构式与驳斥义构式是贬抑性构式非常重要的功能类别。这三种语力之间并非是离散的,它们存在一定程度的互通性,都是在贬抑义支配之下的表达形式,因此在构式的表达中都包含有非期望的情感,不满的情绪贯彻始终。五、在话语方面,我们结合定量的分析发现：(1)构式与语境是双向选择的。贬抑性习语构式适用于口语语体,其中内部三种不同功能的构式与对话语体和叙事语体之间也存在不同的关系。相对地,口语语体也会选择口语性较强的构式；(2)话语语义结构将有助于贬抑性情感义的形成。如果一个构式经常出没在贬斥性的话对中,由于这些责难语的辐射,它就很难生成称赞义。六、贬抑义与几种外在形式或外部特征存在微妙的关系：经济原则与“礼貌原则”下的简省式构式；引述式构式；疑问标记；结构重组构式；第二人称代词等。七、这些不能从组构成分中推导出来的贬抑义是内、外语境与类、例频率共同作用的结果。此外,在这些反常规的习语构式中,贬抑性习语构式比褒扬性习语构式在数量上具有绝对的优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern spoken Chinese, there are many types of derogatory constructions of idioms whose emotional meanings, however, are not simply the result of adding up the different componential elements but of their pragmatic idiomaticalization. Hence, the present paper will provide a comparatively more systematic and comprehensive analysis of the derogatory structures of idioms based on both the theories of Construction Grammar and Semantic Grammar. The main contents are as follows:1. Construction is a unit of storage based on its usage. As for the idioms stronger in unpredictability, the system will be constructed on the basis of meanings. The presnet paper is an attempt to construct a system based on the derogatory meanings of construction.2. Personal emotion is a continuum, with different emotions produced as a result of the different degrees of expectations from the subjects. Those higher than the subjective expection are called complimentary emotions, and those lower than that are termed as derogatory emotions. The former are expressed by means of complimentary construction while the later by means of derogatory ones. What is more, all the constructions are very often linked with particular speech acts.3. Derogatory construction (DC) of idioms is virtually of the idiomatical forms of derogatory constructions. DC has the following features:(a) spoken; (b) the derogatory meaning being the pragmatical meaning of the idiomaticalization; (c) having varying degrees of unpredictability within the internal construction; (d) sharing a rather vague nature of a common heritage.4. The constructions of nagetive, scolding and rebutting comments are very important functional categories within DC. Being the different forms of expression dominated by DC, all of the three categories are not utterly separated from one another, but interconnected as well as interrelated since they all share something unexpected and undesired.5. From the perspective of the discourse analysis, we have found in our quantitative analysis that:(1) the construction and the context is of a reciprocal choice. The Idioms of derogatory construction are liable to be detected in spoken forms, and the three different functions within its scope also reveal totally different relationship with the styles of both conversation and narration. Relatively speaking, the spoken style is subject to the construction of verbal forms. (2) the structures of semantic discourse will contribute to the formation of derogatory meanings. If a structure type often appear in derogatory discourses, it is difficult for it to generate a complimentary meaning out of its derogatory meaning.6. Derogatory meaning of emotions has more or less subtle relationship with several external structures and features:the simplified construction under the principles of "economy" and“politeness”; introductory construction; question markers; restructured construction and the second person pronoun, etc.7. Those derogatory meanings that can not be derived from their componential parts are the result of joint functioning of internal/external contexts and type and token frequency. In addition, in the constructions of anti-conventional idioms, derogatory construction has far more cases than its counterpart --- the complimentary ones --- in number.更多还原