【作者】 孙铁成；

【导师】 高波；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 桥梁与隧道工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 地下结构由于受到周围岩土体的约束,一直被认为具有良好的抗震性能(相对于地面结构而言),因而在很长一段时期内,对地下结构的震害问题远不如地上结构那样受到重视,这样就造成了对地下结构抗减震的研究相对较少。但在历次的大地震中,地下结构都有遭遇破坏的报导,并且震害往往不易发现且修复困难,所以其抗震和减震理论仍需进一步研究和探讨。本文主要从以下几个方面对山岭隧道抗减震问题进行了研究：首先,在对国内外地下结构震害和地震过程中动态响应研究现状调查的基础上,应用经典振动理论研究了围岩、抗减震层和隧道衬砌等材料刚度的匹配关系对隧道动态响应的影响,探讨了地下结构的抗减震原理,并利用有限元建立隧道的仿真模型对所推导的计算公式进行了验证。之后,利用HHT时频分析的方法,对5条不同地震波进行分析,并分别作用在同一计算模型上,从能量的角度来探讨隧道动力反应与地震波的内在关系。然后,以西南高烈度地震区某隧道为原型建立多个模型,利用ABAQUS有限元软件,对有错距的双洞山岭隧道洞口段的地震动力响应进行深入、系统地研究,得到了关于隧道衬砌在地震过程中的横断面Mises应力、位移、相对位移以及横断面的加速度随洞口距离的变化规律以及与地震荷载输入方向的关系。在此基础上,考虑地震荷载输入方向的不同,对双洞错距隧道洞口段不同抗减震措施的减震效果及影响因素进行了详细的探讨和研究,得到抗震层设计参数的变化如何影响其减震效果的关系、横纵减震层的设置形式对其减震效果的影响关系以及同时设置抗震层和减震措施对衬砌结构减震效果的影响。最后,开展了双洞错距山岭隧道的大型振动台模型试验,通过对有无减震层两种工况的衬砌结构裂缝、加速度、应变和地表裂缝进行观测和分析,研究了减震措施的减震效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Underground structures are considered as better aseismic performance in contrast with surface structures because of the constraint of surrounding rock, so the seismic damage of underground structures is not paid much attention and the study of vibration of absorption and resistance of underground structures under earthquake is relative superficial. But much damage of underground structures under earthquake is reported. It is necessary to study the theory of vibration of absorption and resistance of underground structures under earthquake. Three pars are analyzed in the dissertation, as follows:First, the seismic damage of underground structures in home and aboard is investigated and the effect of stiffess matching among surrounding rock, aseismic layer and tunnel lining on the dynamic response of tunnels is studied by classical theory of vibration. The theory of vibration absorption and resistance of underground structures is dicussed and validated by finite element method. Then, five different earthquake waves are analyzed by the HHT time-frequency method and the relationship between the seismic response of tunnels and waves is discussed from the energy aspect.Then, several models are estalished based on the tunnel located in high intensity zone of southwest China, and the seismic response of portal structures of the tunnel with staggered space are studied by ABAQUS software. The trend of the Mises stress, maximum absolute and relative displacement and accelaration of transverse secion are analyzed. Based on the study, the seimic absorption effect of vibration absorption and resistance measures of two-tunnels of mountain tunnel with staggered space are discussed and analyzed considering the direction of earthquake load, and the relationship between design parameters of aseismic layer and effect of seismic absorption, the setup types of aseimsic layer and its absorption effect are obtained.In the end, large shaking table tests are performed for the two-tunnels of mountain tunnel with staggered space, and the seismic absorption effect of aseimsic layer measures are studied through the analysis of the tunnels cracks, acceleration, strain and ground cracks.更多还原