【作者】 李兵；

【导师】 张顶立；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 地下工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 摘要：随着经济和社会的发展,作为重要的交通方式,海底隧道已引起世界各国越来越多的关注。与山岭隧道不同,海底隧道由于处于无限的海洋环境,使得其在修建过程中具有更大的挑战和安全风险。大量的地下结构工程施工安全风险研究表明,项目施工阶段的安全风险既存在着带有阶段特性的阶段风险,也存在着由规划阶段或设计阶段产生的累积风险。如果前一阶段的安全风险没有得到有效地规避处理,其势必会累积到后续阶段形成累积风险。相对于阶段风险的规避,累积风险的规避处理要复杂的多,有些累积风险甚至在该阶段无法规避,必须返至风险产生阶段进行处理。因此,对钻爆法海底隧道的安全风险研究也应从建设期全过程出发,充分考虑各建设阶段自身的安全风险特点及其对后续阶段的安全风险累积效应,及时规避,减小整个隧道工程的安全风险。本文以钻爆法海底隧道规划阶段、设计阶段、施工阶段为研究的建设范围,以突水安全风险分析为风险的研究重点,在以厦门翔安海底隧道及青岛胶州湾海底隧道为主要工程背景的基础上,采用理论分析、数值模拟、现场实测以及模糊数学运算相结合的方法,具体开展了以下五方面的研究工作。(1)构建了海底隧道建设期全过程安全风险管理体系。针对海底隧道的风险特点,提出了海底隧道建设期全过程安全风险管理的理念；引入了“核心安全风险”及“累积风险”的概念；并借鉴国内外相关风险管理内容,构建了海底隧道建设期全过程安全风险管理体系；(2)揭示了基于围岩变形的海底隧道施工突水机理。通过对海底隧道突水模式及过程分析,认为海底隧道突水主要源于隧道开挖引起围岩变形过大,进而重点讨论了隧道施工突水与隧道地表及拱顶沉降之间的关系,并以厦门翔安海底隧道左线F1风化槽段为工程背景确立了海底隧道在特定地质条件下安全施工的地表及拱顶极限沉降值,制定了施工各阶段的地层沉降安全控制值标准；(3)分析了海底隧道建设期全过程安全风险环境及风险因素。从海底隧道建设期全过程安全风险环境分析入手,对海底隧道规划阶段、设计阶段和施工阶段安全风险环境所蕴藏的安全风险因素进行详细的分析、辨识及评估,确定出核心安全风险因素；(4)预测了海底隧道施工突水安全风险。基于安全风险因素综合评价的结果,以厦门海底隧道左线F1风化槽段为例,采用模糊综合评价法对风化槽段的突水安全风险发生可能性进行预测；并将可拓工程方法应用于突水安全风险后果损失评价；进而对该风化槽段的突水安全风险进行等级划分,确定出该风化槽段的突水安全风险大小；(5)提出了海底隧道施工突水核心安全风险控制技术。针对建设期全过程各阶段的安全风险特点,提出了相应的安全风险控制对策和措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 ABSTRACT:With the development of economy and the demand of traffic, as an important means of transportation, the subsea tunnel has attracted more and more attention around the world. Because of the infinitude of the ocean above, subsea tunnel construction brings us new challenges and risks, which are different from usual mountain tunnels. On the basis of massive researches on safety risk in underground structure construction, it shows that the safety risk in construction phase contains both its own risks with phased characteristics and the cumulative risks from planning phase and designing phase. If the safety risks of former phase are not evaded effectively, they are surely to add to the following phase and form cumulative risks. The evasion of phase risks is easier, while the evasion of cumulative risks is much more complex and difficult, and even can not be evaded. Therefore, safety-risk researches in subsea tunnels, which are constructed by drilling and blasting method, should be started from the whole constructing process, and engineers should fully consider both the own safety risk during every construction phase and its cumulative effect to the following phase, and evade all the risks promptly to reduce the safety risk of a tunnel project.This paper takes planning, designing and constructing phases of drilling-blasting subsea tunnels as construction scope of the research, and safety-risk analysis of water-inrush as the scope of risk research. Based on the projects of Xiamen XiangAn subsea tunnel and Qingdao JiaoZhouWan subsea tunnel, the following five aspects are carried out by using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement methods..(1) Establishment of safety-risk management system for the whole construction process of subsea tunnel. According to the risk characteristics of subsea tunnels, this paper puts forward the idea of safety risk management in the whole construction process of subsea tunnels; introduces the concept of "core safety risk" and "cumulative risk"; refers relevant knowledge of risk management at home and abroad, and establishes safety-risk management system for the whole construction process of subsea tunnel;(2) Analysis of subsea tunnel water inrush based on rock deformation control. By analyzing the pattern and mechanism of water-inrush in subsea tunnel, it is considered that water-inrush in subsea tunnel mainly originates from big deformation due to tunnel excavation, and then the paper makes a major discussion on the relationship between safety risk of water-inrush and the tunnel crown settlement. Setting the left line F1 weathered trough section in Xiamen XiangAn subsea tunnel as project background, this paper establishes the crown settlement for safe construction of subsea tunnels, and makes out the safety control target of settlement in every construction phase;(3) Analysis of safety risk environment and risk factors of full-process for subsea tunnel. Beginning with the analysis of safety risk environment in the whole construction process of subsea tunnels, this paper makes detailed analysis and differentiation for safety risk factors of the risk environment in the planning, designing and construction phase of the subsea tunnels, and determines core safety-risk factors;(4) Analysis and prediction of water inrush safety risk for subsea tunnel. Based on the result of comprehensive evaluation for safety risk factors, taking the left line F1 weathered trough section in Xiamen XiangAn subsea tunnel for example, the paper makes a comprehensive evaluation on the occurrence probability of water-inrush safety risk in weathered trough section by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; applies Expandingable Engineering Method to assess the consequence loss of water-inrush safety risk; makes grade division of the water-inrush safety risk in the weathered trough section, and confirms the safety risk scale of water-inrush in the weathered trough section.(5) Study of control technology of water inrush safety risk for subsea tunnel. According to the characteristics of safety risk in every phase during the whole construction process, the relevant control technology of safety risk is put forward in this paper from technical view.更多还原