【作者】 郑林昌；

【导师】 张雷；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 产业经济学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 区域发展差异一直是经济学领域备受关注的对象,学者们分别从资本、资金、技术、制度和文化等发展要素角度进行了解释。但上述发展要素均具有流动性,如果它们是引起区域经济发展差异的真正原因,那么在长期内,流动性则会抹平区域间经济发展的差异。而现实并非如此,尤其在中国,区域经济发展的宏观空间格局已经保持了近千年的历史。区域经济发展要素中唯一不具流动性的是地理环境,它才是引起区域经济发展差异的真正原因。而交通运输作为经济社会活动的服务部门,是地理环境影响经济社会活动的表现形式。研究地理环境、交通运输与区域发展之间的关系,是一项重大基础性研究工作,为此本文利用投入产出分析、回归分析、空间分析等研究方法,从自然地形角度,对自然地形条件、交通运输成本与区域经济发展之间的作用机理进行系统性研究。通过研究发现：一、中国不同地形条件下交通运输所发生的建设成本、营运成本和维护成本具有较大差异性。比如,在华北平原和江南平原建设铁路,所发生的建设成本比例为1：2；由能源消耗引起的交通运输营运成本,在沿海地区、中部地区和西部地区的交通运输能耗比例为1：2.09：2.47。二、受交通运输建设成本、营运成本和维护成本的影响,中国区域交通运输成本也存在较大差异。如果沿海地区经济活动承担的交通运输成本为1,则中部地区和西部地区承担的交通运输成本分别为1.15和1.53。三、受大规模交通基础设施投入的带动,中国国民经济运行承担的交通运输成本日益增加,交通运输建设成本过高已经成为制约经济快速发展的重大问题,大规模交通基础设施的投入,使得技术进步、交通运输一体化等降低交通运输成本的努力成为徒劳。四、在不同自然地形条件下,交通运输所产生的区域经济社会效应不同。沿海地区的交通线路以点对面、线对面的方式为区域经济活动提供服务,服务强度大,服务产生的经济社会效益大,而中、西部地区的交通线路则以点对点、线对点的方式为区域经济活动提供服务,服务强度小,服务产生的经济社会效益低。五、受自然地形条件和运输距离的影响,中国经济发展活跃地区经历了,由中西部地区向沿海地区转移,又由沿海地区向内陆地区转移的过程。改革开放以来,中国沿海地区凭借着距离市场近和交通运输成本低廉的优势,获得了快速发展；后期,随着对外贸易模式的变化、国内中心城市的快速成长以及资源大规模开发和利用的影响,中国经济增长重心开始向西、向北迁移。基于以上研究发现,本文得出结论：为减小区域间经济发展差异,区域应立足自身的自然地形条件,从区域经济活动安排和交通运输成本控制入手,在不同自然地形条件下,采取不同的经济发展模式和交通运输系统结构,以此来减轻区域经济发展的交通运输负担,减小自然地形条件通过交通运输影响区域经济发展的程度,提高经济活动的投入产出效率,促进区域经济的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The difference of regional development is the object of attention in economics, and the scholars have explained it from the perspective of capital, institution, technology, culture and other factors. If the above mentioned development factors which are said to be liquid is the real cause of the differences in regional economic development, in that way, the liquidity will smooth out differences in the long term. But reality is not so, especially in China, the macro-spatial pattern of regional economic development has maintained nearly thousand years. It is geographical environment (an unique illiquid factor) that lead to the differences in regional economic development. As an important service department, transportation is the form of the impact of geographical environment on economic and social activities. Consequently, researching the relationship between geographical environment, transportation and regional development is a major basic work. From the angle of natural topography condition, we use input-output analysis regression analysis and spatial analysis, etc, systematically research the mechanism between natural topography condition, transportation cost and regional development. The research findings as below:The first:under different topographic conditions in China, transportation construction cost, operation cost and maintenance costs have great difference. For instance, the ratio of railway construction cost in the North China plain to that in the Jiangnan plain is 1:2; the ratio of transportation operation cost Caused by energy consumption in Coastal areas of China, in Central of China and in Western of China is 1:2.09:2.47. The second, influenced by transportation construction cost, operation cost and maintenance cost, transportation cost in the region are also quite different. If regard the transportation cost in coastal areas as a unit 1, the central and western regions respectively account for 1.15 and 1.53.The third, Driven by large-scale investment in transport infrastructure, the transportation cost undertake by China’s national economy is increasing. High cost of transportation construction has become major problem that restrict the economic development. Large-scale investment in transport infrastructure makes these efforts futile, such as technological advances or integration of transportation. The fourth, under different topographic conditions, the transportation will produce different regional economic and social effects. Coastal transport routes generate great economic and social benefits, while the transport line in Central and western areas bring about low economic and social benefits.The fifth, affected by natural topographic conditions and distance of transport, China’s economically active areas have transferred from the Central and Western regions to Coastal areas and from the Coastal areas to Inland areas. Since reform and opening-up, the Coastal areas has accessed to a rapid development owing to convenient location and low traffic-cost advantages. Later, with changes in trade patterns, the rapid growth of central City as well as large-scale development and utilization of the resource, the economic growth center began to move toward West and North.Based on the above research, we can drawl conclusion as follow:In order to reduce the difference of economic development among regions, regional government should develop different economic activities and control transportation cost based on nature topography. In other words, according to nature topography conditions, different region should adopt different type of economic development, construct the different transportation system. Only through above two main ways, they can reduce the burden of transportation regional economy development, induce the degree of nature topography’s influence on the economy development, improve the efficiency of input-output economic activities, and promot the development of regional economy finally.更多还原