三十年戏曲文学创作概论

【作者】 朱蓓蕾；

【导师】 叶长海；

【作者基本信息】 上海戏剧学院 ， 戏剧戏曲学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 与古希腊戏剧、古印度梵剧并称为世界三大古典戏剧的中国戏曲,在年的发展过程中,更是经历了好几次重大的发展阶段,宋元与明清是公认的两座高峰,而戏曲文本创作则是这两座高峰上的旗帜,这两个时期涌现的戏剧作品已经成为中国戏曲的经典,二十世纪后半叶至今,这一时期的创作,既继承中国戏曲以“剧诗”为题材,以“传神”为机趣的传统,又高度融入了剧作家的思想追求,具有“现代意味”,形成新的审美趣味,伴随着一批作家和作品的出现,成为与“元杂剧”、“明清传奇”并列的又一以创作为主导的戏曲发展时期。中国戏曲是被公认的中国传统文化的重要组成部分,但长期的强调“传统”和对“传统”的片面理解,或多或少忽视了作为戏剧艺术的中国戏曲随时代而发展的特征,戏曲艺术不仅仅是“传统”艺术,更是当下的、时代的艺术。与辛亥革命以来中国社会的逐步解放,人的逐步解放同步,剧作家也逐渐表现出了拒绝奴役的个性化思考,从田汉开始,不断涌现出杰出的剧作家,将他们对时代、对历史、对人生的思考融进戏曲作品,他们思考的深度与广度甚至超过了以剧作家个性张扬著称的元杂剧时代。二十世纪后半叶,特别是改革开放之后的剧作家的作品呈现出不同于古典戏曲、区别于传统地方戏的独特面貌,同时又主动地连接中国文化内在精神,这一批作品对中国戏曲发展方向和整体面貌的影响,注定会在中国戏曲的发展史上留下浓墨重彩的一笔。无论相对于元明清、上世纪上半叶的高度繁荣,还是当今的舞台艺术以及影视等艺术形式竞相争妍的局面,戏曲艺术的声音无疑偏弱。文化多元的当今社会不可能要求戏曲艺术重现曾经的一枝独秀。但与其他艺术样式并存,戏曲艺术依然应是中国当代文化的主流声音。与话剧、影视等艺术形式相比较,戏曲艺术背负更为沉重的传统压力,带来与受众的一些隔阂,而“创新”脚步必须更为谨慎小心。传统同时也是戏曲艺术的优势和财富,主动接通当今的时代精神与传统文化精神是艺术家们长期的努力方向。在近三十年的戏曲创作相对曾经的传统戏曲,既有继承又有发展,而文本创作则是这段时期戏曲艺术成就的重要收获,伴随剧作成功的是一批剧作家的崛起。从八十年代的“实验”到九十年代的“重塑”再到新世纪的暂时沉寂,三十年的得失是今后的戏曲创作的启迪,社会和艺术环境的作用下,戏曲艺术发展有了多种的可能,但是作为活着的场上艺术,戏曲新剧目创作还会继续前行,中国戏曲新的戏剧文学振兴时代已经开启,并仍将继续。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese opera, together with the ancient Greek drama, ancient Indian Sanskrit , are called the world’s three great classical drama. In the years of development, but also experienced several major phrases of development during which Song and Ming Dynasty are recognized as two peaks , while the opera text creation is the peak on these two flags, the emergence of dramatic two periods has become a classic opera, half of the twentieth century since the creation of this period, while carrying on with the Chinese Opera " Poetic Drama "as the theme to" vivid "as the aircraft interesting traditions, but also highly integrated into the playwright’s ideological pursuit of a" modern meaning "to form a new aesthetic taste, With the emergence of a group of writers and their works, as with the "Yuanqu", "Legendary" side by side to create another period of development-oriented drama.Chinese opera is a Chinese traditional culture which has been recognized as an important part, but the long-term emphasis on "traditional" and "traditional" one-sided understanding of, more or less ignored the art of Chinese opera as a drama with the pace of times and the characteristics of the development, opera Art is not just "traditional" art, it is present, the art of age.And the Revolution has been the gradual emancipation of Chinese society, the gradual emancipation of people simultaneously; the playwright has gradually shown a personal rejection of slavery thought, starting from the Tian Han, the outstanding emerging playwright. Reflections on life into the opera financial work, their depth and breadth of thinking even more than to the playwright known for individuation Yuanqu era. Half of the twentieth century, particularly after the reforming and opening up the playwright’s work is different from the classical opera shows, different from the traditional local opera’s most famous artists, while the initiative to connect the inner spirit of Chinese culture. This group of works on the development of Chinese opera and the overall appearance of the direction, destined to the development of Chinese opera to be an event in the history.Regardless of its opposite in the Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties, on the century first half high prosperity, now artistic forms and so on stagecraft as well as film and television compete contend with the beautiful aspect, the drama art is on its weak peak.. The culture multi-dimensional the society not impossible to request drama art reproduction once outshining others now but also together with the other artistic style coexisting The drama art still should be the Chinese present age culture mainstream.With artistic forms and so on the modern drama, compare with the film and television, drama art shoulders more serious traditional pressure, brings with audience’s some barriers. The tradition simultaneously also is the drama art superiority and the wealth, the initiative connection now spirit of the age and the traditional culture spirit is the artist long-term diligently direction.In the last three years have been relatively traditional operas opera, both inheritance and development and the text creation is the artistic achievements of the period drama major achievement is the successful play with the rise of a group of playwrights. From the 80’s the "experiment" to the nineties of the "reconstruction" and then to temporarily silence the new century, three decades of gains and losses is the inspiration for future creative drama, social and artistic environment under the action, drama and arts development a variety of possible, but as a living field art, creative drama surely will push the new drama, The new era of the Chinese opera will continue and has opened the revitalization of dramatic literature.更多还原