【作者】 马宁；

【导师】 年志远；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 制度经济学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放30年来,中国农村金融制度发生了重大变迁。农村金融制度的变迁,推动了农村经济的快速发展。但同时,我们也应看到,现行的农村金融制度还存在着一定的缺陷,如制度供求失衡、组织制度不完善、产权制度不清晰和监管制度低效率,等等。这些制度缺陷,制约了农村经济的进一步发展。因此,必须对农村金融制度进行创新。本文运用新制度经济学等分析方法,对我国现行的农村金融制度以及存在的问题进行了全面剖析,在此基础上,提出了我国农村金融制度创新构想:构建多层次、广覆盖、全功能的农村金融组织制度,构建结构合理、边界清晰的农村金融产权制度,构建全面有效、科学规范的农村金融监管制度,加强配套制度建设、优化农村金融运行环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural financial system refers to rules, practices and organizational arrangements relating to financial transactions in the field of rural economy. Rural financial system as an important component of the financial system is linked inextricably with rural economic development. An efficient rural financial system will promote rural economic development. Otherwise, an inefficient system will hinder the development. Reform and opening up 30 years ago, China’s rural economic structure has undergone tremendous changes and the rural economy has made rapid progress. In this process, changes of the rural financial system have played an active role in promoting. However, with the continuous development of China’s economy, the rural financial system is still unable to meet changing needs of rural economic development. Therefore, to explore innovation in China’s rural financial system is of great significance. This paper, focusing on the theme of innovation in China’s rural financial system, basing on absorbing domestic and foreign research results, comprehensively using analytical methods such as the New Institutional Economics, will analyze problems of China’s rural financial system within the framework of the institutional economics, and seek to make feasible policy recommendations for the innovation in China’s rural financial system.Ⅰ. A Research Review and an Analysis of Rural Financial SystemIn recent years, Chinese scholars have made a great deal of research on the rural financial system under the guidance of government policy. The research covers various aspects such as the demand and supply of rural financial system, rural financial organization system, rural financial property right system, rural financial regulatory system, etc. In foreign countries, the scholars’research on rural financial system is focused on the dual financial structure in rural areas. Scholars have conducted in-depth exploration and discussion on the phenomenon of the coexistence of formal finance and informal financial in rural markets, as well as its reason, efficiency and interaction, and achieved fruitful research results. However, there is still deficiency of the existing research, which can not explain all the issues in China’s rural financial markets and needs further improvement and innovation.Ⅱ. An Analysis of Supply and Demand of China’s Rural Financial SystemSystem supply and system demand is an important content of institutional economics study. The supply of rural financial system is that system suppliers develop a series of institutional arrangements or requirements to ensure the normal operation of rural finance, mainly including organization system, property right system, interest rate system, regulatory system, control system and other supporting systems. Demand of rural financial system derives from the rural financial needs. In other words, it is hoped that the demand of rural financial products and services can be met through appropriate rural financial system arrangements. The characteristics of demand for China’s rural financial system are endogenous, diversity, simplicity, adaptability, no mortgages and low interest rates, etc. On the whole, the current supply and demand of China’s rural financial system is unbalanced. On the one hand, inefficient supply of rural financial system exceeds demand; on the other hand, efficient supply of rural financial system is less than the demand.Ⅲ. An Analysis of China’s Rural Financial Organization SystemSince the founding of New China, China’s rural financial organization system has undergone tremendous changes and formed a system of policy-oriented, commercial, cooperative and other formal finance coexisting with informal finance. There are some flaws in current rural financial organization system. In the arrangements of formal financial organization system, there are some problems: the policy-oriented financial support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers is not enough; the commercial operation of commercial finance contradicts with serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers; the cooperative finance is of powerless services and poor management system; the new-type rural financial institutions are with low access threshold, ignored creditor rights protection and inadequate human resources. In the arrangements of informal financial organization system, the problems are expelling formal financial institutions, high interest rates, high risks and potential threats to the social and financial order, etc.Ⅳ. An Analysis of China’s Rural Financial Property Right SystemClearly defining“property right”is key factor of allocating rural financial resources effectively in rural financial transaction process. China’s rural financial system of property right increasingly improved, and it has formed the rural financial structure of property right mainly with the state-owned financial property right system and supplemented with the cooperative financial property right system. However, because China’s rural financial demand has been increasing perpetually and rural financial institutions have been innovating continuously, it is difficult for the existing property right system to effectively support the further development of the rural financial system. The efficiency of property right system is getting lower and lower. For instance, firstly, the state-owned financial system arrangements of property right represented by property system of Agricultural Bank of China, have many problems such as the ownership of property right is nominal, the property relationship is the executive-oriented, the principal-agent cost is high, resource allocation efficiency is low, and the protection of property rights is poor; secondly, the cooperative financial system arrangements of property right represented by property right system of rural credit cooperatives, have some problems such as property relations are not clear, the corporate governance structure is unsound, the decision-making mechanism is unscientific, and incentive and restraint mechanisms of property are lacking; thirdly, the system arrangements of property right of new-type rural financial institutions which emerged in recent years, also have a capital investment limit and other issues.Ⅴ. An Analysis of China’s Rural Financial Regulatory SystemRural financial regulation is a kind of necessary supervision for rural financial institutions, which is proposed by financial regulatory authorities. The purpose of that is to establish a good order and maintenance the stability of rural financial market, to prevent, control and resolve systemic financial risks, to promote healthy and efficient development of rural financial system. By the adoption of cost-benefit analysis, game analysis and performance analysis, we found there are still problems in China’s rural financial regulatory system, such as supervision laws and regulations are lagging, monitoring indicators are unscientific, external monitoring force is unformed, internal risk control mechanism of financial institutions, self-regulatory organization and social supervision mechanism are missing, and the supervision is of administrative-type, etc.Ⅵ. The Arrangements and Enlightenment of Foreign Rural Financial SystemFrom a global perspective, because of the varied levels of development of rural economy and rural financial market, different countries have different arrangements of rural financial system. However, both developed and developing countries have attached great importance to the important role of rural financial system in supporting agricultural development, increasing farmers’income and promoting rural prosperity, and have actively explored the establishment of rural financial system compatible with their national conditions in practice. After years of development, the western developed countries represented by the United States, France, Japan, as well as the developing countries represented by India, Bangladesh, have made tremendous achievements in the construction of rural financial system, and their rural financial systems are more complete and mature. By other’s faults, wise men correct their own. Therefore, to study the rural financial systems of these countries could provide valuable inspiration for China’s rural financial system innovation.Ⅶ. The Innovative Propositions of China’s Rural Financial SystemRural financial system is the main driving force for rural financial development. In the context of current international situation undergoing profound changes, China’s reform and opening up entering a critical stage, Chinese government and relevant departments should seize this strategic opportunity to innovate the rural financial system, on the basis of depth analysis of the contradictions of supply and demand and deficiencies in rural financial system, by learning from foreign advanced experience of developed and developing countries. The first is to build a multi-level, wide-coverage, and full-function rural financial organization system; the second is to build a rural financial property right system with a rational structure and a clear border; the third is to build a comprehensive and effective, scientific and standardized rural financial regulatory system; the forth is to strengthen the construction of supporting systems, and optimize the rural financial operating environment.更多还原