【作者】 姚春海；

【导师】 陈景彦；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界史， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本文以日本总体战体制的形成为研究对象,力图通过梳理、分析、研究日本总体战体制的形成来从整体上把握日本发动的对外侵略战争。本文认为,总体战思想产生于第一次世界大战,德国的鲁登道夫率先对该思想进行了理论化、系统化的阐述。第一次世界大战后,总体战思想被日本陆军接受,并进一步成为日本军部日后发动对外侵略战争的指导思想。总体战思想的核心内容是要求国家全部力量都要被动员并投入到战争中来。为了贯彻该思想,同时也为更好服务于对外侵略战争,从1921年“巴登巴登密约”开始,日本陆军便着手在日本构建总体战体制。中日全面战争爆发后的1938年出台的《国家总动员法》标志着日本总体战体制的最终形成。构筑起来的总体战体制把整个日本推进战争的深渊,给日本本国及被侵略各国都造成了巨大的灾难。更多还原

【Abstract】 The First World War is a large-scale war in which numerous countries used tanks、submarines、aircrafts and conscripted large numbers of military personnel. The scope of this war is not limited to the battlefield. To enable the smooth progress of the war, each belligerent’s domestic structure was also very necessary to construct.This type of war is called the total war. The system,which builds the relationships between the military and the government、military budgets and munitions and develops national voluntary participation of the war to enable the smooth progress and final victory of the total war,is known as the total war system. The Japan’s true total war system began from "Baden-Baden secret agreetment", formed after the promulgateion of "National Mobilization Law" in 1938. The total war system propelled whole Japan to the abyss of war, which caused many countries in tremendous disaster. To have an overall and comprehensive grasp of Japan’s total war system,this paper just describes on the following aspects.Chapter one mainly introduces the research ideas、the basic framework of Japan’s total war system,and elaborates the major theoretical and applicational significance of Japan’s total war system. The author believes that the research of Japan’s total war system can deeply grasp the total war theory in theoretical significance;In applied significance, the research of Japan’s total war system can make an overall grasp about Sino-Japanese war launched by Japan, At the same time,the discussion can also make fully aware of the social basis of Japan’s aggressive war and ascertain the responsibility of each social class of Japan in the wartime.Chapter two mainly introduces the content and characters of the total war,and measures to it of relative department. Since the long-term、large-scale trend of the first world war, European countries’and American military circles generally agreed that prospective wars will be more complete national total war. After the first world war, European countries and America generated the theory of the total war,which deem that the outcome of war is not only decided on military power, but mainly on whether countries can give full in political、economic、cultural and other fields and have all citizens as the subject of war.The theory immediately attracted intense attention in Japan.Japanese Military as a leader take full research of the theory. The government’s main arrangement should be enacting "Munitions Industry Mobilization Law" at the Military’s request and setting up Munitions Board to investigate the munitions industrial resources.Chapter three mainly comments on the preprations in earlier stage to Japan’s total war system. Since World War I caused tragic disaster to the peoples of the world, peoples of the world set off a wide wave of public opinion of military reduction, which also quickly spread to Japan.At the same time,the heavy chemical industry in Japan which experienced short-term development during World War I stalled after the war. These two factors made the mobilization of military industry in Japan haven’t gone smoothly since 1918’s "Munitions Industry Mobilization Law", which delayed the process of the total war system’s establishment in Japan at some extent. However, in the period of Hara Takashi Cabinet,Japanese Government still worked out series of large-scale military enrichment programs. In addition, Tanaka Giichi devoted to political circles actively in order to make Japan get out of the economic dilemma and strengthen the military of Japan. Later, Japan improved the level of military equipment and promoted the modernization process of Japan’s arms through Ugaki Kazushig’s reform of "military contraction". Hara、Tanaka and Ugaki’s activities all laid the foundation for the Japanese Military to build total war system objectively.Chapter four mainly comment on the construction of the total war system. It was since“Baden-Baden secret agreement”in 1921 that the Land Army of Japan really began to construct the total war system. In order to achieve the objectives set by secret agreement, Nagata Tetsuzan et.al returned motherland from abroade and set up several groups such as issekikai and futabakai. These groups’establishment promoted the constructed process of Japan’s total war system.In the process, staff officers externally launched the "9 ? 18" incident to captured the rich resources in northeast China, internally strengthened Military’s political functions and authority by series of coups and assassinations, which created conditions to build the total war system. In addition, the Land Army and Navy also correspondingly implemented a number of policies of arms expansion, and carried on universal campaign of national defense in the majority of people in this period.Chapter five mainly comments on the early formation of Japan’s total war system, and the assistant factors further.In the assistant factors, the new bureaucracy and new zaibatsu timely appeared in their respective fields and provided much help for the Land Army to construct the total war system after the "9 ? 18" incident. For the formation of Japan’s total war system, with the rise of the staff officers’such as Nagata Tetsuzan’s position in the Military, they gradually formed touseiha , who inherited the tasks to construct the total war system.Later, the touseiha won in the contest with koudouha,and gradually mastered the Military’s main leadership right, which established its political dominance by the "2 ? 26" mutiny, the establishment of Japan’s total war system was finally raised to the level of national will.In this period, the touseiha presided, with the the cooperation and coordination of the Army Provincial Bureaux and the General Staff Headquarters, to discuss and write out the pamphlet of《The Nature of National Defence and Strengthening》.The pamphlet was the guiding principle of the Military to build up the total war system,which was the mark of the early formation of Japan’s total war system.Chapter six mainly comments on the establishment of Japan’s total war system. The Military stepped up to formulate expansion plans with the establishment of dominant status after the "2 ? 26" incident. Soon after the beginning of Sino-Japanese War, in September 1937, the Japanese government started the "national spiritual mobilization campaign" under the the spirits of "national unity" and "loyal patriotic". With the increasing emergence of the Sino-Japanese War’s long-term trend, the Japanese government had established the Economic Planning Board and the General Staff Headquarters to of coordinate and unity the military command.In addition, the Japanese government announced the《National Mobilization Law》in April 1938. It could be said that this law provided the specifically implementary measures of the business of the mobilization. This law is the most important and representative law of the construction of Japan’s total war system,which was the mark of the ultimate formation of the national total war system.更多还原