【作者】 荣常如；

【导师】 王贵宾；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 纳米碳材料,如碳纳米管、石墨烯,因其独特的结构及优异的性能成为复合材料的理想填料。本论文将纳米碳引入到聚芳醚基体,从实现纳米单元在基体中的均匀分散及改善界面作用角度出发,立足于提高聚芳醚聚合物的基本性能,探索了复合材料的功能性,对一系列聚芳醚/纳米碳复合材料进行了研究。首先采用熔融共混的方法制备了碳纳米管/聚醚醚酮复合材料,研究发现,经混酸处理的碳纳米管经磺化聚醚醚酮修饰后,与聚醚醚酮共混制得的复合材料界面性能有了很大改善,碳纳米管与树脂基体间的作用增强,力学性能提高,结晶温度表现为低含量时增加,高含量时降低。碳纳米管具有优异的导电性能,是制备导电复合材料的理想导电剂。而碳纳米管完整的管结构,更有利于电子的传输。因此,与聚醚醚酮基体有较好相容性的聚醚砜包覆改性的碳纳米管,可以保持管结构完整性的同时促进碳纳米管在基体中的分散。研究发现,改性碳纳米管添加到一定量后,复合材料的体积电阻突降。当采用不同熔融指数的聚醚醚酮作为基体时,由于碳纳米管在熔体中分散难易程度的不同,使得复合材料的体积电阻不同。碳纳米管的成本相对较高,大规模应用受到很大限制。近年来,可以通过石墨解离制备的石墨烯,因其不逊于碳纳米管的性能,低廉的成本,成为复合材料研究的热点。由于氧化石墨烯可以溶解在多种溶剂中,所以溶液成膜法是制备其复合材料的一种行之有效的方法。我们将化学方法制备的氧化石墨烯经磺化聚醚醚酮功能化后与聚醚砜溶液混合制备复合材料。研究表明,石墨烯的加入,提高了复合材料膜的力学性能。石墨烯大的比表面积,高的导电率,成为新能源材料的理想选择。利用溶液成膜法制备了不同含量的磺化聚醚醚酮/氧化石墨烯复合材料。将高含量的氧化石墨烯的磺化聚醚醚酮复合膜还原后作为超级电容器的电极,与其他含量的磺化聚醚醚酮/氧化石墨烯复合膜组装成超级电容器,电化学测试表现出良好的双电层电容特性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oxidation carbon nanotubes were modified by SPEEK, PEEK composites with modified carbon nanotubes(f-CNTs) were prepared by melt blending. Mechanical properties of the composites were increased due to introduction of carbon nanotubes. Moreover, strong interfacial adhesion was shown between PEEK matrix and f-CNTs, the increment of mechanical properties is bigger.Carbon nanotubes play a role in action of heterogeneous nucleation, especially at lower content. Carbon nanotubes formed a bulk conglomeration at higher loading. The mobility of PEEK chains were inhibited , therefore, regular arrangement was influenced. Good dispersion of f-CNTs in the PEEK matrix also promoted nucleation.However, the strong interfacial interaction restricted moving of PEEK chains. The crystallization rate obtained from isothermal crystallization kinetics can supported it. Functional carbon nanotubes were melt with PEEK for the conductive polymer composites. Carbon nanotubes were treated by PES. Node of carbon nanotubes were isolated, volume resistance of the composites were slowly decreased. Node of carbon nanotubes contacted gradually with increasing of carbon nanotubes, other nodes produced current by quantum-tunnel effect. Volume resistance was significantly reduced when the content near (or over) the percolation threshold. We also investigated the rheology of PEEK composites. Apparent viscosity increased with increasing of loading of carbon nanotubes. It made against the processing. Volume resistance was different while melt index was different at same loading of carbon nanotubes.Graphene oxide was synthesized by chemical method.It was worth to modify the hydrophile sueface of graphene oxide for the composites blending with hydrophobic PES. SPEEK and PES have good compatibility because of similar molecular structure . The sulfonic group of SPEEK can interact with hydroxy group of graphene oxide. Graphene/PES composites were prepared by solution casting. Mechanical properties were increased with increasing of content.Supercapacitors base on SPEEK/ graphene composite membranes were assembled. The content of oxygen was decreased after reduction comparing with graphene oxide. There were a lot of holes in the shurface and cross section, this could assist electrolyte ion soaked the graphene. Cyclic voltammograms shown a good performance of electrode, redox peak was not appearent. Galvanostatic charge-discharge curves exhibited isoceles triangle. We researched graphene oxide how to influence the electrochemical properties.更多还原