【作者】 管志敏；

【导师】 王兵树； 林永君； 彭钢；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学（北京） ， 热能工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 电力火力发电机组的热工自动化是保障设备安全、提高机组经济性、提高电力生产效益和效率、减轻劳动强度及改善劳动条件的重要技术措施。自抗扰控制技术是由韩京清研究员开创的一种实用的控制系统非线性综合方法。本文以火电厂大型机组控制系统为研究对象,针对这类系统中的一些关键问题,如非线性、强干扰、大惯性、大时滞等特点,从理论分析、计算机仿真和现场试验三个方面研究了自抗扰控制器的应用,对自抗扰控制器参数整定问题进行了研究,并在实物系统和现场成功实现了自抗扰控制器的组态和控制。论文的工作主要有以下几个方面。1.具体分析了自抗扰控制器的原理、构造方法,同时给出了自抗扰控制器各部分的离散算法,分析了自抗扰控制器的动态特性。2.将ADRC技术分别应用于大型火电机组过热汽温调节系统和燃烧控制系统,提出了新的过热汽温控制方案和燃料量控制方案。显示出ADRC控制方案解决火电机组控制难题的有效性及其控制性能的优越性。3.在Matlab/Simulink环境下,对控制器各组成部分的性能进行分析。并通过大量试验研究ADRC各部分参数整定原理,给出其参数整定的一般规律。针对一类高阶、非线性、大延迟对象进行了实例仿真,结果表明了参数整定规律的有效性。用试验证明了不存在低阶自抗扰控制器不能控制高阶对象的问题。4.在基于分布式计算机控制系统(DCS)——OVATION系统的CS4000过程控制装置,提出了基于ADRC技术的液位和温度控制方案。试验结果表明采用自抗扰控制器的液位和温度系统抗干扰能力加强,系统的动态性能更好。并且,对于某类对象,一阶自抗扰控制器和二阶自抗扰控制器能够实现同样的控制效果,而且一阶ADRC的参数调节要比二阶ADRC简单得多。5.将自抗扰控制技术应用于火力发电厂磨煤机出口温度控制中,在TCS3000控制回路组态中用自抗扰控制器ADRC取代PID控制器,结果证明是可行的。在两种不同的DCS系统中引入的自抗扰控制器逻辑组态,全部采用系统本身自有的模块搭建,不用添加新的模块。一般的DCS系统都不提供或者不支持现场调试人员编写程序代码添加新的模块,所以这为自抗扰控制器在现场的应用扫清了障碍。ADRC系统的设计、调试对过程模型精度要求很低,特定情况下甚至只需要粗略定性了解对象特性即可。这给现场应用带来了很大方便,有良好的工业应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thermal automatization of Electric power thermal generator set is the important technical measures that ensure equipment safety, improve unit economy, improve electric power production benefit and efficiency, lighten intension of labour and amend labour condition.Active disturbance rejection control technique (ADRC) is a practical control system nonlinear synthesis started by researcher Han Jingqing. In this paper, the research objects are the control systems with large thermal power unit, aim at a few key problem of this kind of system, such as nonlinear, strong disturbance, big inertia, large time-delay. Research the application of ADRC from theory analyse, computer simulation and locale test, study the parameter-tuning of ADRC. Realize the configuration and control of ADRC at the physical system and locale succeed. The most work of the paper have some aspects thereinafter:1. Analyse the theory and the structural method of ADRC concretely. Introduce the structure of each part of ADRC in detail. At one time, it gives the discrete arithmetic of each part of ADRC and analyse the dynamic characteristics of ADRC.2. It apply ADRC technology to the super-heat steam temperture adjust system and combustion control system of large thermal power unit. Bring forward new type of super-heat steam temperture control and fuel rate control project. This shows that ADRC control project validity resolve of the control problem thermal power plant and the advantage of control performance.3. At Matlab/Simulink, analyse the capability of element for the controller. And find the common rule of the parameter tuning through large test study each part of ADRC. Aim at one kind of high-step, nonlinear, large time-delay object, make example simulations. The result indicates the validity of the parameter tuning rule. It prove that it is not exist that low-step ADRC can not control high-step object.4. On the CS4000 process control device based on the DCS-OVATION system, bring the liquid level and temperature control project based on ADRC technology. The test results indicate the anti-jamming ability stronger and dynamic performance better of the new control system. And for some kind of object, one-step ADRC can realize the same control effect with two-step ADRC, and that the parameter tuning of one-step ADRC is more simple than two-step ADRC. 5. Apply ADRC technology to the coal mill outlet temperature control of thermal power plant and replace PID controller by ADRC on the TCS3000 control loop configuration. The result proves that the project is feasible.The ADRC logic configuration of the two different DCS systems, is built by the system own modules without adding new module. The common DCS system can not offer or not support adding new module with compiling code by locale debug person. So this clear the way of ADRC application on locale.The design and debug of ADRC system require low precision of model. Or just need little object characteristic in special circs. This brings prodigious facility. It has good industry application foreground.更多还原