【作者】 薛军伟；

【导师】 曹意强；

【作者基本信息】 中国美术学院 ， 美术学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 西方博物馆的历史最早可以追溯到古希腊神庙和亚利山大城的博物馆,文艺复兴晚期开始,建立私人收藏成为贵族和学者们生活的重要内容,他们收藏了包括艺术品在内的各种珍稀物,成为其政治、社会、经济、文化生活的重要内容。私人收藏除了供藏家个人欣赏外,逐渐向部分特权阶层和学者、艺术家、学生等开放,而法国大革命后的卢浮宫艺术展则标志着现代意义上的第一所公共艺术博物馆出现。19和20世纪被誉为是博物馆时代,大批公共艺术博物馆此时陆续在世界范围内建成。正是由于博物馆文化现象的逐渐成熟,许多不同领域的学者都将目光投向了博物馆,从各自的学科角度和个人兴趣出发对博物馆进行多维度的思考。真正对博物馆的学术研究始于20世纪,所思考的问题除了博物馆实践外,主要集中在收藏和博物馆史研究,另外也形成了博物馆学和博物馆志的概念。认为对博物馆的理论研究属于博物馆学研究的内容,而博物馆志则是对博物馆实践的思考,这属于博物馆学的早期阶段。到了上世纪晚期,随着学术环境的变化,对博物馆的研究思路有了大转变,主要体现在新博物馆学的出现以及对博物馆研究方法的多样化,使博物馆学成了多学科、跨学科的重要研究领域。当然其中最重要、贡献最大的还在于围绕艺术博物馆,由艺术史家和相关领域学者作出的研究成果。除了传统的艺术博物馆史、艺术品收藏史研究外,他们还站在现代学术立场上,对在博物馆中日益重要的艺术展览、博物馆作为艺术机构等问题进行了批评研究,对博物馆与艺术品之间的关系这一古老而持久的问题不断进行反思。当艺术品被转移入藏博物馆后,引发了很多人的质疑:这种对艺术品的处理方式是否合适?艺术品在博物馆内的展览方式是否能使艺术品复活?有些学者认为博物馆扼杀了艺术品,如果这样,那么艺术博物馆的目的何在?它的展览和收藏是为了向观众呈现艺术品的特质,还是有其它目的?在博物馆一味宣称的教育这一目标之后,是否还有其它意图?博物馆馆与艺术史的关系如何?等等,针对这些问题,不同时期的学者都发表过各自的看法。本文正是在艺术与博物馆、博物馆与艺术史之间的关系中,展开了对英美艺术博物馆学的研究之路。更多还原

【Abstract】 A museum is a complex institution and has a long history in the west. In classical times it signified a temple dedicated to the Muses, and the most famous museum of that era founded at Alexandria about the third century B. C. by Ptolemy. The idea of modern museum is a product of Renaissance humanism; with keen interest in the classical past and the world about him, the humanist began to throw off the reins of superstition and take halting steps toward a scientific method and the sense of history. Influenced by the humanist and artists, the princes and his family of Europe also began to collect works of art, antiques and animals, botanical rarities, which were installed mainly in cabinet, usually a square-shaped room, and gallery, a long grand hall for pictures and sculptures. Both types of collections rarely open to the public and remained the playthings of princes, popes, and plutocrats. These collections may be based upon the desire for physical security, social distinction, political power, the pursuit of knowledge, and a wish to achieve a kind of immortality. The Palace of the Louvre in Paris, opened to the public during the French Revolution, may be regarded as the first public art museum, and after that the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were called the museum age, in which all the nations from Europe to America and Asia began to establish their own national museums. Today, the museum was regarded as a cultural and tourist center performing with political, economical and social power, and also became a field of academic study.Museology is a term used to describe the theoretical study of museums, including the museum history, theory of museum practice, and the various academic studies of museum profession. Museography, another important term in museum study, used to depict the museum practices, which also called applied museology, distinct from the philosophical study of museum. With the development of museum culture and museology, in Anglo-American writing, there appeared a trend of new museology in the later twentieth century. These scholars of new museology, in the critical standpoint, came from different disciplines and fields focused on the different parts of museum, especially the political and social role of the museum. The new museology continuously expending its fields inspired by the theories of history, anthropology, sociology, and some new thoughts, such as culture studies, post-colonialism, feminism and so on, has become a multi-and inter-disciplinary study fields. Except these areas, the main contribution to museum studies made by the art history, which has a well-established tradition in studying the art museum history and art collection history, as well as the art exhibition phenomena.Among the various questions asked by art museum studies experts, the relationship between art and museum is the first and most important one. The institution of modern art museum appeared much later than art itself, and old paintings and sculptures were not produced originally for the museum; so removing the works of art from churches and private houses to the public museum is good for art? Some speakers said that museum killed art. If it were true, so what would be the justification of art museum? And then, what is the purpose of art museum? Is there any potential intention of an art museum except for education which is the primary base of museum founded on? All these questions asked by critics and researches with suspicions, but the most people support museum for different reasons including the modern and living artists who both hate and love museum. The relationship between art museum and art history is another subject in this dissertation, for art museum providing the first materials and object for art history and at the same time it destroy the original settings of works of art.更多还原