【作者】 胡丽娟；

【导师】 高力克；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 政治学理论， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 政治调和思潮代表着民国初年民主转型中的妥协路径。因其蕴涵着深邃的妥协智慧与丰富的曲折性经验,不失为近现代中国政治思想史的重大课题。英美宪政民主的成功经验,证明妥协之于民主转型具有不可或缺的重要价值,基于此,本文回顾了民初的政治调和思潮。本文围绕如何实现民初民主转型的问题意识,通过文本解读和历史分析,探讨了民初政治调和思潮的时代背景、理论要旨和思想价值,以及思潮衰落的历史原因；进而借鉴邹谠的“全赢博弈”理论,分析了民初激烈对抗型政治文化的基本特征以及调和思潮衰落的原因。本文认为,民初的宪政危机,很大程度上是由袁氏与民党间互不妥协的激烈对抗所致。本文梳理了章士钊、杜亚泉、梁启超、张东荪、李大钊、李剑农的政治调和理论,进而从价值理念、宪政制度、社会基础三方面综合分析思潮的要旨,指出思潮的价值理念在于多元妥协的宽容,渐进的进化,英美传统的自由；宪法、政党政治及权力分立制度,是其一整套的宪政制度；社会是政治改革的基础,社会与国家二分,中产阶级占主体的市民社会,是政治调和所需的社会基础。由于袁氏与民党间你死我活的激进“全赢博弈”,政治调和思想因其“妥协博弈”的温和特质,被激进的时代所淹没。思潮的衰落,不仅表征着民初的转型方式由渐进改革转向激进革命,也表征着自由主义由英美传统转向法俄传统。此外,调和思潮的衰落有着更为深层的社会历史原因。与英美孕育妥协的封建弱王权,多中心秩序,思想多元、法治传统,均势政治,以及市民社会等等社会历史条件不同,民初社会深具大一统专制强王权,一元秩序,思想一元论与人治传统,非均势政治,以及东方农民社会等等政治文化传统。民初的这一历史土壤只能产出“全赢博弈”,全然不适宜政治调和的生长。本文在结语部分充分肯定民初政治调和思潮的思想价值,提出跳出民初的“全赢博弈”模式,实现中国的民主转型,必有赖妥协之道及其适宜的历史土壤。妥协是民主的必由之路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thoughts of political compromise in Early Republican China represents a compromise path to transition to democracy. It is a significant subject in the history of political thoughts in Modern China for its deeply embedded wisdom of compromise and abundant frustrated lessons. The successful experience of Anglo-American democracy shows that compromise is indispensable and important in the transition to democracy, based on which, I make a historical review on this thoughts in this paper.Focusing on the problem of how to fulfill the transition to democracy in Early Republican China, and based on text-reading and historical analysis, I investigate the background, theoretical essence and ideological value of the thoughts of political compromise, and the historical reasons for its decline. According to Zou Dang "Full Win Game "theory, I analyses the basic characteristics of conflict in the political culture and the reasons for the decline of the thoughts. In this paper, I argue that the constitutional crisis in Early Republican China, largely results from the uncompromising behavior between Yuan Shi-K and Kuomintang. And I discuss the ideas of political compromise of Zhang Shi-zhao, Du Ya-quan, Liang Qi-chao, Zhang Dong-sun, Li Da-zhao, Li Jian-nong, then analyse the essence of the thoughts from the perspectives of the idea of value, the institution of constitution and the social basis. And I argue that the idea of value of the thoughts is the tolerance of compromise, gradual evolution and the liberty in Anglo-American tradition. The constitution, the party government and the separation of power build up a complete set of constitutional system. And society is the basis for political reform, especially civil society with a mass of middle class is the necessary social basis for political compromise. In the "all win game" between Yuan Shi-K and Kuomintang, "compromise Game" was overwhelmed in the radical era due to its moderate nature. The decline of thoughts represents not only that the path to transition transferred from gradual reforms to radical revolution, but also that the way of the liberalism transferred from the Anglo-American tradition to the Franco-Russian tradition in Early Republican China. In addition, there are more profound social and historical reasons for the decline of the thoughts of political compromise. Anglo-American has a unique social and historical conditions, such as feudal weak monarchy, multi-center order, pluralistic thoughts, tradition of rule by law, Balance-of-Power, and civil society, which brought about compromise. Different with Anglo-American, Chinese in Early Republican China had a political and cultural traditions, which are just appropriate for arising "full-win game" rather than the growth of political compromise, characterized with imperial autocracy, monistic order, monistic thought, tradition of rule by man, oriental societies of peasants, and none of Balance-of-Power.At the conclusion part of this paper, I fully affirme the value of the thoughts of political compromise in Early Republican China, suggest that the compromise and the suitable conditions for it are necessary for accomplishing the transition to democracy in China by getting out of the "all win game". Compromise is the necessary path to democracy.更多还原