【作者】 罗建强；

【导师】 韩玉启；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 系统工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 依据买方市场客户需求的变化特征,制造业的竞争将聚焦于柔性和对市场的快速响应。制造商发现以传统的大量生产模式来获取市场份额和改善绩效变得越来越困难,而塑造和保持竞争优势的关键在于：采取先进制造模式,精确地管理需求变化的订单完成生产流程,低成本、高柔性和高效率地满足客户期望的定制需求。许多制造企业利用供应链的思想来重组其组织结构,采取大规模定制(Mass Customization,MC)生产模式来满足市场需求变化的挑战。本文在这一趋势下,提出了面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统的基本框架,重点研究了延迟策略在这一生产系统中的运作机理和流程,其主要内容如下：(1)面向MC供应链运作系统框架的构建。论文在对实施MC经济分析的基础上,总结MC实施的关键技术,重点探讨了MC与供应链运作间的相互关系,提出了面向MC的供应链理论,认为面向MC的供应链是以客户个性化需求为导向,通过整合供应链节点企业资源所形成的精捷竞合关系,最后,构建了面向MC的供应链运作系统基本框架,并对其特征进行了深入分析。(2)面向MC的供应链延迟策略实施的机理研究。延迟策略的实施及客户订单分离点(Customer Order Decoupling Point,CODP)的定位是一个带有潜在随机过程和约束条件的投资决策问题,它是一类重要的实物期权,包含着大量内在关联的投资机会。论文构建了延迟策略实物期权模型,并就CODP的定位进行了实证分析,在延迟策略、MC、CODP和供应链(Supply Chain, SC内在关系研究的基础上,引出了面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统研究主题。(3)面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统的优化研究。以延迟生产系统的客户期望等待时间(ET)和总成本(TC)为评价指标,首先利用Markov链的基本思想构建了目标市场需求变化趋势模型,然后,运用M/M/1排队模型,研究了CODP确定性条件下外部产品多样化(N)增加时,系统ET、TC的变化情况；最后,探析了CODP变化情形下的系统总成本优化决策模型。(4)面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统流程研究。通过研究面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统基本流程,以最终定制化产品所需零部件的成套性为评价指标,提出了基于广义随机Petri网(GSPN)的供应链延迟策略产品成套性建模和仿真方法,探讨了具有约束的供应链延迟策略,并对界面进行了分析及识别,构建了考虑TOC的延迟生产系统计划与控制模型,研究了实施延迟策略的生产系统再造的必要性,并提出了再造的基本原则及思想。(5)面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统绩效评价研究。本文认为价值流图分析工具是面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统有效性的评价及控制方法,基于这一思想,研究了基于价值流的面向MC供应链延迟生产系统的定性评价方法,提出了基于熵理论的面向MC供应链延迟生产系统的定量评价方法,利用平衡积分卡勾勒出面向MC供应链延迟生产系统全面而综合的绩效评价体系,并进行了案例分析。最后,总结了论文所作的工作,归纳了论文的创新点,针对论文研究工作的不足,提出了面向MC的供应链延迟生产系统进一步研究的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the change characteristic of customers’ demand in buyer market, the manufacturing industry competition will focus on flexibility and fast response for market. The manufacturers find that it is more and more difficult to gain the market share and improve their performance by mass production. To build and maintenance manufacturing competitive advantage lies in adopting the advanced manufacture mode and precisely managing the process of fulfilling variation orders, and satisfying customers’ anticipant customization requirements with low cost, high flexibility and high efficiency. Many manufacturing enterprises use the idea of supply chain to reorganize its organizational structure, and adopt mass customization to meet the market demand change. Under this tendency, manufacturing system frame of supply chain postponement for mass customization is proposed, which the operation mechanism and process of postponement strategy is studied. The main content as follows:Firstly, supply chain operation system frame for MC is constructed. The paper sums up key technoloy of MC based on economic analysis for MC, focuses on the operation relationship between MC and supply chain, proposes the theory of supply chain for MC. Supply chain for MC is oriented on customer’s individual demands, formed le-agile compete and cooperation relationship on integrating different enterprise resource of supply chain. Finally, the paper constructs the supply chain operation system frame for MC and analysis its characteristics.Secondly, implementing mechanism of supply chain postponement strategy is studied. The implementation of postponement strategy and the position of customer order decoupling point are investment decision-making question on latent stochastic process and the constraints, which are important of real options, contain massive intrinsic connection opportunities for investment. The paper constructs postponement strategy decision-making model on real options, and carries on the empirical analysis on the position of customer order decoupling point. The inner-relationships between postponement strategy, mass customization, customer order decoupling point and supply chain are studied, then the subject on manufacturing system of supply chain postponement is drew out.Thirdly, manufacturing system optimization of supply chain postponement for MC is researched. Taken postponement manufacturing system’s expected customer waiting time (ET) and total cost (TC) as evaluation index, the paper constructs the target market demand change trend model using the Markov chain, then, utilizes the M/M/1 queuing model to study the system ET and TC change situation when the outside product diversification (N) increases under the CODP definite condition. Finally, analyzes system total cost optimization decision-making model under the CODP change situation.Fourthly, manufacturing system process of supply chain postponement for MC is proposed. Based on analyzing manufacturing system basic process of supply chain postponement, the paper takes the complete set which customized product needs components as the evaluated indicator, proposes a method of modeling and simulation for complete set in supply chain postponement strategy based on generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPN), discusses supply chain postponement strategy having constrains, analyzes and recognizes their different surface, constructs manufacturing planning and control model of system considering TOC, studies re-engineering necessity to implementation postponement strategy manufacturing system, and proposes the basic principle and thought of re-engineering.Fifthly, manufacturing system evaluation of supply chain postponement for MC is reseached. The paper holds that the value stream mapping is an effective evaluation and control tool in manufacturing system of supply chain postponement. Based on the idea, the qualitative evaluation method for manufacturing system of supply chain postponement for MC is studied firstly; the quantitative evaluation method for manufacturing system of supply chain postponement for MC is proposed based on entropy theory; finally a comprehensive evaluating index system for manufacturing system of supply chain postponement for MC is established. Specific case proves that the model is feasibility and effectiveness.At last, after summing up the work of the paper, the future study direction about supply chain postponement strategy for mass customization is proposed.更多还原