【作者】 吴军；

【导师】 张诗亚；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 民族教育学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 侗族地区在现代化进程中面临的主要困惑,从显象看,是文化现象的冲突,是人与自然关系的对立与恶化；从隐层分析,现代技术的强力渗透才是问题的关键。当下外来文化主要是以现代技术为载体突入甚至“空降”到侗族地区,对侗族传统文化形成前所未有的挤压;现代技术以其超越民族与时空的普适性对侗族传统技术的消解与替代则动摇了侗族传统的生存方式。如果侗族传统技术为现代技术彻底取代,古老的民族生存智慧可能被格式化般清除,侗族传统文化的基础就会坍陷。因此,侗族传统技术的传承问题就不能回避,这是本研究的现实背景。从理论层面看,作为形而下层面的侗族传统技术长期被学界边缘化而没有受到应有的关注,隐藏其中的民族生存智慧被传统技术的“落后”所遮蔽。然而,如果离开了技术,文化就失去了坚硬的骨骼,理性之光就会泯灭。因此,从文化与教育的视角去审视侗族传统技术的现代传承价值,发掘其内在的文化意蕴与教育价值;运用结构功能主义、符号哲学以及社会建构理论对侗族传统技术体系进行剖析与透视,以重构其现代传承体系,是本研究的基本理论依设。本研究的主要问题是：侗族优秀的传统技术对侗族传统文化的存续,对侗族个体社会化及侗族社会的可持续发展具有重要的传承价值；在现代化背景下如何重构侗族传统技术的现代传承体系,并实现有效的传承则是问题的关键。本研究从水文化与教育的视角对以侗族水文化为主轴建立起来的侗族传统技术体系进行了全面的考察,在此基础上从侗族传统技术传承的必要性、侗族水文化与侗族传统技术的关系分析、侗族传统技术体系架构及其特征、侗族传统技术的教育价值分析、侗族传统技术的现代传承境遇及思考五个部分展开。本研究从文化多元存在及侗族传统技术与现代技术的关系,论证了侗族传统技术现代传承的必要性；以结构功能主义为基础,分析了侗族传统技术与侗族水文化之间的内在联系,概括出以水文化为主轴的侗族传统技术体系的一般特征;讨论作为侗族传统技术形而上体系的侗族传统自然观和宇宙观；对以稻、鱼、鸭共生稻作技术为核心的侗族传统技术进行专项深度调查,进一步发掘其文化与教育蕴涵,分析传统技术传承的基本路径及特点；对侗族传统技术的教育价值展开讨论,分析侗族传统技术现代传承面临的困境,进而以社会建构理论为基础,就如何重构侗族传统技术的现代传承体系提出构想,为民族地区职业教育如何传承地方性知识提供参考。在深入调查与系统理论分析的基础上,本文认为,侗族传统技术是侗族传统社会发展的内源性动力,是多元文化的重要组织部分,对侗族社会的可持续发展,对民族文化的多样性存在,对个体社会化等都具有重要的传承价值。在侗族地区现代化进程中,应理性应对传统与现代的冲突,在冲突与整合中寻找新的传承路径,构建传统技术的现代传承体系,在对优秀传统技术的固守与创新中实现新的超越。本研究首次从水文化与教育的视角,对以侗族水文化为主轴的侗族传统技术及其传承体系进行研究,挖掘其文化意味与教育蕴涵,为侗族传统技术的现代传承研究、民族职业教育的改革发展提供借鉴,为拓展民族教育研究领域提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Problems in the process of Dong modernization are superficially conflicts of cultural phenomena and the confrontational and worsening relationship between nature and human beings; from deep administrative levels, the infiltration of modern technology is the key of the problem. Nowadays, external culture, which swarms into the Dong area primarily through the introduction of modern technology, puts an unprecedented squeeze on Dong traditional culture; modern technology with its external universality disrupt and replace traditional technology of Dong group and thus stir the traditional lifestyle of Dongs. If Dong traditional technology were to be completely replaced by modern technology, then the survival wisdom of this ethnic group would probably be eliminated and its traditional culture would be totally destroyed. Therefore, how to ensure the continuation and transmission of the Dong traditional technology is a critical issue that cannot be ignored, which is precisely the background of this research.From the theoretical level, traditional technology is marginalized by the academia and does not receive enough attention for a long time and many excellent technologies were covered by backward traditional technologies. However, without technology, the foundation of culture would be shook, rationality would be lost, and thus sustainable development of the Dong community would be impossible. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the value of transmitting traditional technology from the educational and cultural point of view, to find out the inner meaning and educational value, and to analyze Dong traditional technology system through structural-functionalism, symbolic philosophy and social constructivism in order to rebuild the modern transmitting system of Dong traditional technology.Key arguments of this research include:excellent traditional technology as an essential part of the Dong culture plays a very important role in the process of Dong traditional culture’ continuance, individual socialization and sustainable development of the Dong society; how to rebuild modern transmitting system of traditional technology and make effective transmission possible is the key issue. The thesis will focus on the traditional technology system in which Dong hydro-culture is the main axle from perspectives of hydro-culture and education, and based on this, the necessity of traditional technology transmission, analysis on the relationship between Dong hydro-culture and traditional technology, the structures and characters of Dong traditional technology, analysis on the educational value of Dong traditional technology, and reflection over modern transmitting situation of Dong traditional technology will be the five parts of this study.This research demonstrates the necessity of traditional technology transmission from cultural pluralism and the relationship between Dong traditional and modern technology; based on structural-functionalism, it analyzes the inner relationship between Dong traditional technology and the hydro-culture and summarizes the general characters of traditional technology system based on hydro-culture; it discusses Dong traditional views of nature and universe which are formed around traditional technology; it investigates Dong traditional technology in which the core is integrated rice-fish-duck farming technology to further explore its cultural and educational value and to point out the basic approach and features of traditional technology transmission; it discusses the educational value of Dong traditional technology and analyzes the obstacles that its modern transmission faces, and thus provides proposals on how to rebuild this traditional technology transmitting system and how vocational education in ethnic area could contribute to that transmission.On the basis of extensively investigation and deeply analyses, the author maintains that traditional technology, as the source power of the development of Dong traditional society and a very important part of multi-culture, is of inheritable value for the sustainable development of Dong society, diversity of ethnic culture, personal socialization, etc. In the modernization in the Dong area, it is necessary to response rationally to the conflicts between tradition and modernization, to seek new transmitting strategy under conflicts and integration, to structure modern transmitting system of traditional technology, and to achieve transcendence in the adherence and innovation of excellent traditional technologies.This research focuses on Dong traditional technology and its transmitting system from the perspectives of Hydro-culture and education, finds out its cultural and educational value, and provides references for the modern transmission of Dong traditional technology, the reform and development of vocational education in ethnic area, and the expansion of the research field in ethnic education.更多还原