【作者】 林志森；

【导师】 张玉坤；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 传统聚落的形成是一个“落而成之”的发展过程,人们通过定居而集聚,通过营造与使用赋予聚落以意义。聚落是一个完整的结构,它反映了人与人之间的社会关系。社区的整合或分化,促进聚落空间的聚集与分离,由此形成不同聚落。本文尝试把社区结构研究视为一种认识传统聚落的方法,探索社会空间与聚落形态之间的关联与互动规律,对当代人居环境建设及社区传统的重建具有重要的启示意义。论文首先回顾国内外现象学、地理学、人类学、社会学及人居环境科学等领域关于聚落形态与“空间-社会”理论研究的新进展,构建本研究的理论框架。通过人类定居过程与聚落发生原点的追溯,本文阐释了社稷崇拜在聚落形成与社区整合过程中的原型意义,选取了传统社区中的宗族组织与祭祀圈两个关键性因素作为论文研究的切入点,通过田野调查、测绘及文献资料的整理,借鉴人类学的方法理论,从“社会—空间过程”角度完整认识中国传统聚落形态,突出人在聚落演变过程中的主体性地位。以血缘为纽带的宗族组织外化在传统聚落的空间布局、组织层次、建筑形态及装饰配置之中,形成主次分明、先后有序、内外有别的空间位序格局。社区的神缘结构通过民间信仰和祭祀仪式渗透到居民的日常生活之中,通过社区的分化与整合过程形成不同层级的祭祀圈,从而保证社区规模的合理性与可识别性。本文通过对佛山各层级祭祀圈人口规模的量化分析,提出社区层级的“倍数原则”,为当代社区层级建设提供理论支撑。在认同与定向的差异上,相对西方以定向为主导的场所观而言,中国传统聚落不仅强调人在自然与社会差序格局中的定向,同时也强调人与人之间、人与环境之间的认同。在此基础上,本文提出中国传统居住文化的位序观和境域观。论文指出,中国传统聚落通过神镇之“境”与世俗之“域”的融合,构成了汉语语境中日常生活的根本指向,也构建了中国传统聚落的境域观。在此理论建构的基础上,本课题针对当代人居环境建设中仪式空间的匮乏,指出社区传统的迷失,并提出通过延续社区空间的层级性、多义性和领域性等策略,传承传统聚落形态,重建社区仪式空间,营造现代社区空间的新境域,以实现人类的诗意栖居。更多还原

【Abstract】 The traditional settlement is accomplished through people’s settling down. The human relation in society promotes the aggregation and separation of different settlement’s space, and accelerates the differentiation, integration and development of the community. Shown by the traditional settlement life style and interpersonal relationships, as well as people’s lives by relying on the emotional scenes, full of traditional culture, the essence of living, life experience is a precious legacy of long-term accumulation. It has an important significance for the construction of the human settlements to explore the potential deep structure of daily life and the mutually prompt law of social space and physical spaces base on the way of researching the structure of the community to understand the traditional society.The study of settlement should not only concern about the relationship between the space and its environment, but also should pay particular attention to their inhabitants’relationships and their daily life. In this thesis, two key organizations of community, the clan and worship circle were selected for exploring the interaction between social development process and the changes of settlement patterns from a perspective of“social-spatial process”. Drawing on the method and theory of anthropology, the paper try to analysis Chinese traditional settlement patterns through field investigation, mapping and documents sorting out.Based on reviewing theoretical progress about the research in the settlement pattern of many subjects, such as phenomenon, geography, anthropology, sociology and sciences of human settlements at home and abroad, the paper established the theoretical framework of this study. Through ascending development history of human settlement, the paper explained the significance of the god of the land in the process of the formation of the settlement and the integration of community.Two factors in community, the consanguinity and folk belief, are important for China’s traditional settlement. The traditional clan settlements, influenced by the clan organizations in Space layout, organization-level, building form and decoration, are configured to an orderly space. On the other hand, people’s daily life was infiltrated by the folk belief and rites. Distinct levels of the worship circle come into different scale community to ensure that the community was in reasonable scale and identifiable. A quantitative analysis of worship circle population of Foshan, Guangdong Province is made for supporting the contemporary theory of building community-level. The paper pointed out that the Chinese traditional settlement integrated the God’s "Habitat" and the secular "Domain", which constitute the daily life of the Chinese, and build Chinese traditional settlement concept of domain.Thinking of the lost of community tradition in contemporary human settlements, the dissertation presents some inheritance strategies for the traditional settlement patterns, such as the continuation of the multi-levels, ambiguity and territoriality of community space, so as to rebuild the community sphere of ritual ceremony, create a new modern communities throughout space domain, and achieve mankind’s Poetic Dwelling.更多还原