【作者】 单武雄；

【导师】 杨知建； 肖润林；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 生态学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本试验选择了亚热带丘陵区具有代表性的长沙百里茶廊作为主要研究区域,采用大田试验,分析了丘陵区茶园生产的主要限制因子,以此为基础,从改善丘陵茶园光、温、水、土、生物等生态因子入手,研究了不同施肥处理和覆盖方式、设施大棚、遮荫网覆盖和杉茶立体复合种植等条件下的茶园生态环境和茶叶品质的变化。认为通过不同生态措施,能够改善丘陵茶园生态环境条件,满足茶树的生长需求,达到增加产量,提高茶叶品质和经济效益的目的。其主要研究结论如下：1.通过茶园生态系统主成分分析,发现有机质、全P、速效K、容重、孔隙度、水分和温度等7个环境因子在茶园生态系统中起主要作用,信息量占总体的65.57%,茶树光合系统主成分分析中,PAR(光合有效辐射)、a(空气温度)、T1(叶片温度)3个主成分,累计贡献率达93.63%。2.与纯化肥清耕茶园相比,稻草覆盖与间种白三叶草能提高幼龄茶园土壤有机质含量,改善土壤的结构和物理性状,增加土壤养分。同时,间种白三叶草和稻草覆盖能促进茶树的生长发育,控制杂草生长,抑制危害茶树生长的主要害虫。增加茶叶产量,改良茶品质。3.塑料大棚茶园能显著改善小气候条件,降低土壤水分；降低日净光合速率。但大棚茶园的物候期均有不同程度的提前,能保证名优绿茶品质,提高名优绿茶产量和经济效益。4.茶叶遮荫后,可以明显改善茶园生态环境,满足茶树喜荫耐湿的生育环境。同时,遮光后,茶叶茶多酚、粗纤维含量减少,叶绿素、咖啡碱、氨基酸含量增加,茶叶的持嫩性增加、苦涩味减少、鲜爽度提高,颜色要较对照绿,绿茶的品质得到提高。就提高茶叶品质这方面来说,遮光率越大效果越明显。5.茶杉复合茶园土层温度降低,减少地表温度的振幅,降低茶园地表温度、土壤温度、茶树叶面温度和茶园气温,能有效地降低茶园土壤有害高温出现的频率,能减少土壤有害高温对茶树根系为害的可能性,有利于茶树根系的生长发育和对养分、水分的吸收,提高茶园湿度和土壤水分含量,具有很好的防虫害作用。茶杉复合茶园茶叶中氨基酸、叶绿素、咖啡碱和水浸出物的含量均不同程度高于单一茶园,儿茶素和茶多酚总量均低于单一茶园,茶杉复合茶园鲜叶制作的夏秋茶表现为外形色泽翠绿,汤色翠绿明亮,香味栗香持久,叶底黄绿鲜活,整体感官评价明显优于单一茶园。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment selects Changsha Baili Tea Corridor which represents semi-tropical hilly country as the main study area, adopts field experiment, and analyzes the main obstruction factors for production in hilly country tea plantation. Based on those, starting with improving light, temperature, water, soil, biology such ecological factors in hilly country tea plantation, the experiment studies the ecology environment and the change of tea quality in tea plantation under the conditions of different fertilization structure, overwrite mode and establishment great pavilion, shady cover and fir-tea three-dimentional composite planting, and analyzes that different altitude and soil parent material how to affect tea quality. The paper draws the conclusion that it can improve ecology environment conditions, meet the demand of tea tree, enhance production, improve tea quality and economic efficiency through different ecology measures. The main conclusions of the research are as follows:1. Through the analysis of the main elements of tea plantation ecosystem, find that seven environmental factors such as organic substance, full-P, quick result K, volume weight, porosity, moisture and temperature play a major role in tea plantation ecosystem, amount of information account for 65.57%. The analysis of the main elements of tea photo system shows that three main factors such as PAR(photosynthetically active radiation),a(air temperature),T1(leaf temperature),total contribution rate reach 93.63%.2. Compared with pure fertilizer weed clearing tea plantation, rice straw covering and intercropping trifolium repens can improve content of organic substance in juvenile tea plantation, improve the structure of soil and physical behavior, increase soil nutrient. And at the same time, it can promote the growth of tea tree, control the growth of weed, inhibit the main pests which harm tea tree growth, enhance tee production, improve tea quality.3. Greenhouse tea gardens can significantly improve the micro-climate conditions, can reduce soil moisture, soil water management should be strengthened; lower on net photosynthetic rate. However, the phenology garden sheds have different degrees of advance, to ensure the famous green tea, green teas to improve the yield and economic benefits. 4. Tea shade, you can significantly improve the garden environment to meet the reproductive tea hi Yam humidity environment. Meanwhile, the shading, the tea polyphenols, crude fiber content decreased, chlorophyll, caffeine, amino acid content increased, holding delicate tea have increased less bitter taste, heavy and mellow degrees higher than the control color to green, green tea improved the quality of. To improve the quality of this tea, the shading the greater the effect is.5. Fir complex tea tea can reduce soil temperature, low surface temperature amplitude, reducing tea surface temperature, soil temperature, tea leaf temperature and air temperature tea, tea garden soil can effectively reduce the frequency of harmful high temperatures, can reduce the harmful soil temperature on tea the possibility of root damage, root tea is conducive to the growth and development and nutrition, water absorption, increase humidity and soil moisture content in tea has good effect against pests. Tea tea tea fir complex amino acids, chlorophyll, caffeine, and water extracts of content of varying degrees higher than that of tea catechins and total tea polyphenols were lower than the single tea.更多还原