【作者】 王国平；

【导师】 朱有志；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 中国农村环境的劣化与保护事关中国广大农民的生活生存质量,事关中华民族的可持续发展。胡锦涛总书记多次做出重要指示,要求把农村环境保护纳入国家环境保护总体战略统筹加以推进。但我国农村环境污染以面源污染为主,污染主体分散零落。按现行的传统政府环境管理模式和机制实施起来既不现实也不经济。本研究提出,实施调动中国农村社区环境保护机制,让农村环境保护成为亿万农民群众的共同行动和全社会的事业。本研究从中国农村环境劣化的史脉入手,梳理中国古代与近代农业生态环境劣化与现当代中国农村工业化农村环境劣化史脉,以气候的冷暖变迁、植被创伤沙漠化、肆泛开垦、人口遽增使土地承载超负、过度灌溉使土地盐化、无休的征战杀戮、科技的双刃剑研究视阈,探索了中国农村环境劣化问题的成因。以传统政府环境保护的方针政策、法律法规、管理制度体系,理析了传统政府环境保护模式和机制与中国农村环境保护的不兼容性。在借鉴美国农村社区环境运动与环境科技、欧盟共同体公众参与环保权与社团战略、日本公众参与与社区农民的创造力这些先进发达国家农村环境保护机制实践的基础上,提出中国农村环境保护社区机制的选择与培育立论。并对中国农村社区现代生态文明人的培育、中国农村社区发展替代农业公序良俗的培育、中国农村社区环境保护委员会的培育、中国农村社区环境保护志愿者的培育、中国农村先富人群社区环保贡献力的培育、中国农村妇女对社区环保特殊作用的培育、中国农村社区新生代环境保护意识的培育等七个子系统作了论证。还站在国家责任层面,探索设计了国家调动农村社区农民广泛参与环保的战略与政略、国家助力环保社团的建立与运行、国家财政对农村环境保护的财援与补偿、国家对农村社区三位一体生态调理创新系统的协调、国家对农村生态文化倡导的责任；站在法律责任层面,阐述了农村社区环境保护组织管理权的授予与法理依据、我国公众参与地方立法的理论思考、我国农村社区环境保护组织的法律权利与司法制度思考。嗣后,本研究构建了中国农村环境保护社区机制的评价体系和评价方法。在明确评价指标基础上构建相关数学模型对农村环境保护社区机制进行综合评价分析；通过运用灰色关联度法、网络分析法及三维动态模型,并结合实际农村社区环境进行实证分析；通过对各个影响因素进行精确分析,对不同区域的社区管理效能进行分析评价,形成对不同农村区域机制有效性的判断数据等,为改进社区机制效果提供了决策支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of environmental deterioration and protection in Chinese rural area affects the life and living quality of Chinese farmers and the sustainable development of Chinese people. President HuJintao has made many instructions about this issue in which he demands that the rural environmental protection should be premoted as an inseparate part of the overall national strategy for environmental protection. Owing to the dispersed range of environmental pollution in Chinese rural area, it is unrealistic and uneconomical to implement protection measures in accordance with the current traditional government environmental management pattern and mechanism. This research proposes that a community environmental protection mechanism should be established and implemented, making the environmental protection in rural area a common action for the millions of farmers and a common cause for the whole society.Starting with the history of the environmental pollution in Chinese rural area, through combing the environmental deterioration process of agricultural ecology in the ancient and modern China and rural industrialization in the modern and contemporary China, from the perspective of climate change, vegetation desertification, unchecked land reclamation, excessive land carrying due to rapid population growth, soil salinization as a result of heavy irrigation, ceaseless war and killing, double-edged sword effect of technology, this research explores the reasons of the environmental deterioration in Chinese rural area. In the view of the traditional government policies, laws and regulations, and management system on environmental protection, this research analyzes the uncompatibility of the traditional government environmental protection pattern and mechanism and the environmental protection in Chinese rural area. Based on the practice of the environmental protection mechanism in rural area in advanced countries from American rural community environmental movements and environmental technology, public participant environmental protection rights and community strategy in European Union, to the pubic participation and the creativity of the community in Japan, this research puts forward the idea of selecting and fostering of community mechanism for Chinese rural environmental protection. It also makes arguments about seven subsystems on the fostering modern eco-civilized persons, promoting community development to replace traditional agricultural customs, establishing environmental protection committee, cultivating community environmental protection volunteers, encouraging the first rich persons to make contribution to community environmental protection, emphasizing women’s special function in community environmental protection and raising the new generation’s awareness in environmental protection in Chinese rural area. From the state responsibility level, this research explores and designs the strategies and tactics of mobilizing farmers to participate in environmental protection, investigates the establishment and management of environmental organizations with the assistance from the government, state financial aid and offset to rural environmental protection, state coordination on ecological administration and innovation of a trinity system which includes community administration, community education and community industry, and state responsibility for advocating ecological culture in rural area. From the law level, this research expounds the granting of administration right of the community environmental protection organizations in rural area and its legal foundation, the theoretical thought on public participation in regional legislation and the thought on legal rights and judicial system of the environmental protection organization in rural area. Finally this research constructs the evaluation system and measures on community mechanism in environmental protection in Chinese rural area. It makes a comprehensive evaluation analysis through constructing related mathematical model based on the establishment of evaluation index; Using the grey system theory, network analysis and three-dimensional dynamic evaluation model combined with community environment in rural area, it makes an empirical analysis; It precisely analyzes various influencing factors; It produces data on efficiency of various regional mechanisms through the analysis of community management effect in different areas, thus providing suggestions for decision making to improve community mechanism.更多还原