【作者】 付薇；

【导师】 白中科；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 资源产业经济， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 矿产资源开发过程的每个阶段都需要生态环境资源的配合,同时都包含对生态环境资源的消耗。开发过程产生的废渣、废气和废水必然会造成所在区域不同程度的土地占用、水土流失、大气和水资源污染、植被破坏、地表裂缝等危害,这些问题如不能及时有效开展治理,就会演变为制约矿区企业和当地居民以至于国家未来经济发展和生存的根本性问题。现阶段矿产资源开发面临着生态环境压力大与解决矿区生态环境问题难度大的双重问题。生态环境压力大主要是由于多数矿区生态环境治理中历史欠账较多,都面临着旧账未还清新帐又增多的现实；解决问题难度大是由于矿区生态环境治理工作会牵涉到体制、法规、政策、技术规范与标准、市场机制等多方面问题。论文采用抽象分析与系统分析相结合的方法,从矿区生产活动对生态环境影响的外在表现入手,分析现阶段矿区生态环境治理工作中在技术与管理方面的发展现状以及存在的典型问题。矿区生态环境综合治理涉及土壤、水文、地质、矿物、生物等多方面的综合治理,由于缺乏对这些因素综合系统地研究来开展治理活动而导致治理效果和效益较差。矿区生态环境综合治理涉及的职能部门较多,部门之间的组织协调与技术规范都亟需进行进一步整合,以利于解决现阶段部门分割管理条件下管理效率的问题。立足于矿区人居环境的和谐发展来解决矿区生态环境问题,论文提出构建矿区生态环境综合治理的部门协同机制,分别从治理目标、治理手段与治理组织三个方面来协调现有职能部门,以期高效率地解决矿区环境治理问题。在明确和统一对矿区生态环境综合治理工作的指导思想和前提认识下,论文提出矿区生态环境治理的总体思路及基本框架,具体对策主要包括从管理途径、技术支持、资金途径、治理模式及加强监管与公众参与角度有效协作来解决矿区生态环境综合治理问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mineral resources exploitation needs using of ecological resources, and at the same time this process contains the consumption of resources. Waste, emissions and waste water will inevitably result in land use, soil erosion, air and water pollution, destruction of vegetation, surface cracks and other damages. If these damages can not be controlled effectively, it will restrict economic development and the fundamental issue of survival of mining enterprises, local residents and the country. Mineral resources exploitation must face the pressure of the eco-environment and difficult issues to solve the problems. The pressure of the eco-environment is mainly due to historical ecological debts; Difficult issues is that the control measures must face institutional governance, regulations, policies, technical norms and standards, market mechanisms and other aspects.With methods of abstract analysis and system analysis, thesis summaries main five types of environmental impact during mineral resources exploitation, and then analyses typical problems of technical and management. Mining area comprehensive control involves in soil, hydrology, geology, mineral, biological and some other aspects. The absence of a systematic study of these factors will lead to low effectiveness and efficiency. Departments’function involved in mining area comprehensive control (such as organization and technical specification) are needed for further coordination and integration in order to increase management efficiency.Based on the harmonious development of mining area and human settlements, the paper proposes to build a kind of synergy mechanism to coordinate comprehensive management of functional departments. The specific method is trying to coordinate the existing functional departments from the governance objectives, governance means and governance organization aiming at solving the problems in mining environmental management efficiently. In a clear and unified guidelines and the premise of understanding of eco-environment comprehensive control in mining area, the paper presents the overall ideas and the basic framework. Specific measures include effective collaboration of management, technical support, funds, governance, regulation and public participation in order to solve ecological environment comprehensive control issues in mining area.更多还原