【作者】 马明侠；

【导师】 樊太亮；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本论文在现有对生物气形成机理认识的基础上,依据化学、生物化学、微生物学基本理论,综合有关学科关于生物甲烷气生成的定量研究成果,对源岩菌解气和原油菌解气进行了深入的研究,建立了源岩菌解生物气成因关联成气计算模型及原油菌解生物气物质平衡成气计算模型,通过对松辽盆地北部浅层生物气形成的物质基础和地质、地球化学条件深入系统的分析,定量阐明了浅层生物气的生成史,并动态地计算了生物气的资源量,最后指出了源岩菌解生物气和原油菌解生物气有利勘探区。得到的主要认识有:1、阐明了松辽盆地北部浅层生物气存在的地质、地球化学条件和生成的物质基础。松辽盆地北部具有良好的构造、沉积、温压场、水文等地质、地化条件。广泛发育富含氢、氧的暗色泥岩层,有机质丰度高、处于未～低成熟阶段,具备生成生物气的良好物质基础。2、明确了松辽盆地北部浅层生物气具有多种成因类型,从理论上对不同成因类型生物气的评价方法进行了探讨,重点对源岩菌解型和原油菌解型生物气资源计算方法进行了深入的分析论证,并指出了具体的计算方法。3、阐明了松辽盆地北部生物气的分布特征。剖面上,松辽盆地北部现今埋藏1500m以上的生物气源岩主要分布在嫩江组一、二段,其次为青山口组,嫩江组三、四段及明水组一段也有一定的生气能力。在平面上,青山口组在三肇凹陷周围及西部斜坡的东部生气强度最高,嫩江组则在整个中央坳陷区生气强度都很高。原油菌解气剖面上主要分布在相对较浅的地层中,平面上主要分布在泰康隆起、西部超覆带及大庆长垣南部的葡萄花地区。4、定量评价了敖南、新肇油气田生物气的运聚系数。松辽盆地敖南、新肇油气田生物气的运聚系数分别为0.4029%、0.3694%,平均为0.3862%,其中,源岩于嫩江组末之前生成的生物气运聚系数仅为0.1786%,而嫩江组之后生成的生物气运聚系数则可达2.0426%;阿拉新气藏原油菌解气的运聚系数可达67.28%。5、定量阐明了松辽盆地北部浅层生物气的生气量与资源量。采用成因关联法计算了松辽盆地北部1500m以上地层源岩菌解生物气的生气量为120.94×10¹²m³,运用动态计算方法计算的资源量是1.058×10¹²m³,运用静态计算方法计算的资源量是0.467×10¹²m³。原油菌解气总产气量为7.06×10¹¹m³。在50%概率置信水平下,松辽盆地原油菌解气总资源量为4.55×10¹¹m³,其中泰康隆起2.83×10¹¹m³、西超地区1.13×10¹¹m³、葡萄花地区0.59×10¹¹m³。松辽盆地北部源岩1500m以上生物气总资源量为1.513×10¹²m³。6、建立了地震“亮点和低频”生物气识别技术。通过对敖南、葡南地区地层进行振幅属性等分析研究,发现了含气砂岩储层的地震“亮点”及低频反射特征,通过含气特性及地震属性参数的定量相应分析,建立了地震“亮点和低频”生物气识别技术标准和规范,在实际应用中有效的预测了河口坝、水下分流河道砂体中的气层分布。7、阐明了松辽盆地北部浅层源岩菌解生物气藏及原油菌解生物气藏主要为构造—岩性气藏,揭示了成藏主控因素是气源岩、储层及断裂。8、预测了松辽盆地北部浅层源岩菌解气和原油菌解气的有利勘探区。中部组合为三肇凹陷的边部及其相邻的朝长地区、东北隆起区的西南部、明水阶地南端及齐家～古龙凹陷东西两侧地区;上部组合为三肇凹陷及周缘的大庆长垣、朝长地区、东北隆起区的西南部、明水阶地南部地区及齐家～古龙凹陷西缘与西部斜坡地区;浅部组合为西部斜坡、齐家～古龙凹陷与西部斜坡的过渡地带、黑鱼泡凹陷、北部倾没区及三肇凹陷中北部地区;新生界在西部斜坡区相对比较有利。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of present recognition of generation mechanism for biogas and chemistry, biochemistry and microbiology theories, this thesis sets up the calculation models of genetic association method of biogas and material balance method of biogas from original oil biodegradation. Generation history is studied quantificationally through material basis and geological, geochemistry conditions of biogas generation in shallow and middle depth layer in northern Songliao basin. Resoure quantity is calculated dynamically. At last ,the favorable exploration areas of biogas from source rock and bacterial decomposition gas from original oil arepredicted. Main conclusions are as follows:1、The geochemical condition and material basis of biogas in shallow layer are generalized. There are excellent geochemical conditions, good tectonic conditions, sedimentary conditions, temperature-pressure field and material basis for biogas generation - gray mudstone layers with immature and low maturity, high abundance and rich in hydrogen and oxygen in Songliao basin.2、Different genetic type biogas and with different calculation methods are studied. Calculation methods of biogas from source rock and bacterial decomposition gas from original oil are particularly studied.3、Distributive character of biogas is generalized. Gas source rock above 1500m layers mainly distributed in K₂n₁ and K₂n₂, k₂qn secondly, and K₂n₃, K₂n₄ and K₂m thirdly in profile. From plane view, gas generation intensity is highest around Sanzhao sag and east West slope of k₂qn Formation, and high of the whole Central depression of K₂n Formation. Bacterial decomposition gas mainly distributed in Taikang uplift, west overlap area and Putaohua area.4、Migration and accumulation coefficients of two typical projects are calculated. Migration and accumulation coefficient of Aonan oil field is 0.4029%,and Xinzhao is 0.3694%. So the average coefficient is 0.3862%. The coefficient before Nenjiang Formation is only 0.1786%.and after it is 2.0426%. Besides above,when Alaxin gas field is formed, migration and accumulation coefficient of bacterial decomposition from original oil gets to 67.28%.5、Biogas generation quantity and resource quantity of biogas from source rock and bacterial decomposition gas from original oil in Songliao basin is calculated. Two calculation methods-genetic relationship method and elment balance method are set up to calculate quantity of biogas from source rock. The result is 120.94×10¹²m³, Resource quantity of biogas from source rock is 1.058×10¹²m³ by dynamic calculation method, and 0.467×10¹²m³ by static calculation method. Total gas generation quantity of bacterial decomposition gas from original oil is 7.06×10¹¹m³. With 50% probability confidence level, the total resource of bacterial decomposition gas from original oil is 4.55×10¹¹m³,Taikang uplift belt is 2.83×10¹¹m³,western overlying belt is 1.13×10¹¹m³,and Putaohua area is 0.59××10¹¹m³, Total resource of biogas from source rock and bacterial decomposition gas from original oil in Songliao basin above 1500m layers is 1.513×10¹²m³.6、It is identified that Biogas can be found effectively by seismic bright point and low frequency. Through stratigraphic attribute analysis, seismic bright point character is discovered in sandstone reservoir. The distribution of biogas layer in the sandstones from mouth bar, and subsea distributary channel is predicted with the low frequency attribute.7、It is noted that there are biogas fields from source rock and bacterial decomposition gas from original oil by means of classic gas field dissection, which belong to structural-lithological gas fields. It is stated that the main play factors are gas source rock, reservoir and faults.8、The favorable exploration areas of biogas from source rock and bacterial decomposition gas from original oil are predicted. The favorable exploration area of biogas from source rock are: Sanzhao sag margin,Chao-Chang area, southwest Northeast uplift ,south Mingshui terrace, Daqing large anticline belt and West slope around Qijia-Gulong sag for middle and upper combination, West slope, belt between Qijia-Gulong sag and West slope, Heiyupao sag ,north plunge area and middle and northern Sanzhao sag for shallow combination. The favorable exploration area of bacterial decomposition gas from original oil are mostly West slope area for middle combination, and secondly south area of Daqing large anticline belt for middle and upper combination.更多还原