【作者】 李光云；

【导师】 樊太亮；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷上石炭统卡拉岗组（C₂k）、哈尔加乌组（C₂h）火山岩油藏勘探相继获得突破,获得了较大的油气储量规模。但火山岩油藏形成的控制因素较多,对火山岩油藏形成条件、主控因素的认识不够深入。针对马朗凹陷上石炭统构造特征、储层特征及后期改造作用、火山岩圈闭特征、火山岩油藏形成条件和主控因素等方面的难点,充分利用现有的物探、钻井、测井和综合地质资料,将盆地构造分析、石油地质学、沉积学、火山岩石学等传统理论和新技术、新方法相结合,以火山岩储层特征及影响因素研究为主线,研究其构造特征、圈闭特征,分析火山岩岩相、断裂和不整合等对火山岩圈闭形成的控制作用,阐明火山岩油藏形成条件及主控因素,指出该区火山岩油藏勘探的有利区带和目标。主要成果和认识如下:①三塘湖盆地位于西伯利亚与哈萨克斯坦板块聚敛部位,为一多旋回的复杂叠合含油气盆地。盆地基底形成于早石炭世,经历了四大演化阶段。从北到南可划分为马北、牛圈湖-牛东、马中、马东和南缘冲断带等5个构造带。②石炭系发育一套火山岩、碎屑岩呈互层状产出的海陆过渡相地层。上石炭统发育一套烃源岩和三套储盖组合,其中,C₂k、C₂h等二套储盖组合已获工业油流。③马朗凹陷上石炭统断裂发育,火山岩以裂隙式喷发为主。近火山口发育爆发相火山角砾岩,中距火山口及斜坡发育溢流相玄武岩、安山岩等火山熔岩,远火山口发育火山沉积相凝灰岩、凝灰质砂砾岩等。④马朗凹陷上石炭统原生孔、溶蚀孔和裂缝发育,孔、缝有效匹配,形成气孔-溶孔-溶缝型（地层型）、溶孔-裂缝型（内幕型）、溶孔-收缩缝-粒间孔型（火山角砾岩）等多种组合形式。储层总体上属低孔、低渗储层,经改造后的物性能达到中孔低渗程度。火山作用、构造作用和后生成岩作用是储层物性的主要控制因素。⑤火山岩岩性圈闭的形成取决于火山岩岩性、岩相和储层的后期构造改造作用,发育岩性-地层型、岩性型和岩性-构造型三大类火山岩圈闭。C₂k、C₂h优质储层、有效圈闭结合C₂h充足的油源、油源断裂和封盖等条件在海西晚期-印支晚期时空匹配下,形成以牛东岩性-地层型油藏、马36井区岩性型油藏和牛圈湖岩性-构造型油藏等为代表的三类火山岩油藏。控制火山岩油藏的主要因素是火山岩岩性、岩相、断裂带、剥蚀带、油源以及古构造背景,火山岩改造型储层的形成是成藏的关键要素。⑥根据马朗凹陷C₂k、C₂h油气平面上沿“三线”(T₂₊₃、P₂t、P₂l剥蚀线)、纵向上沿“二面”（不整合面、火山爆发间歇面）分布的规律,认为下一步油气勘探应从马朗凹陷“三带”（火山岩风化、淋滤带、火山岩内幕带、碎屑岩岩性带）入手,积极扩展新领域和新层系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Prospecting breakthrough had been achieved one after the other in the volcanic reservoir of Kalagang unit and Haerkawu unit of the upper Carboniferous formation in Malang sag of Santanghu basin, and biggish reserves scale had been obtained, whereas the understanding about the forming condition and the key controlling factor of the volcanic oil pool is insufficient owing to the volcanic reservoir’s multiplicate controlling factors. Aiming at the difficulty in research about the tectonic characteristic, the reservoir property, the post-reconstructive process, the volcanic trap characteristic, the forming condition and the key controlling factor, adequately using the data of geophysical prospecting, drilling, well logging and general geology , integrating the traditional theory , new technic and method of basin tectonic analysis, petroleum geology, sedimentology and volcanic lithology, taking the research of reservoir’s property and influencing factor as the masterstroke, this disquisition anatomizes the charact-erristic of the volcanic reservoir’s structure and trap, and analyzes the controlling process of volcanic lithology facies, fracture and unconformity to the trap’s forming, and elucidates the volcanic oil pool’s forming condition and the key controlling factor, and indicates the advent-ageous zones and aims for volcanic oil pool prospecting. Primary summing-up:①Santanghu basin, lying the coalescent position of Siberian plate and Kazakhstan plate, is a complicated multigyration superposition hydrocarbon bearing basin. The basin’s floor comes into being during early Carboniferous epoch, and goes through four evolutive phases. Malang sag can be divide into five technic zones that from north to south respectively are Mabei technic zone, Niujuanhu-niudong technic zone, Mazhong technic zone,Madong technic zone and the south thrust technic zone.②In Carboniferous system formation, a suite of sea-to-land transient facies stratum, in which interbedding of clasolite and volcanic deposits,develops. A suites of hydrocarbon resource and three suites of reservoir-cap compounding grow, thereinto industrial oil flow has been achieved in two suites of reservoir-cap compounding in C₂k and C₂h.③In the upper Carboniferous formation in Malang sag ,fracture richly grows, and fissure eruption is volcanic’s main eruptible mode, and vol- canic breccia of eruptive facies grows near the crater, and slag of spillover facies ,like basalt and andesite, grows median far from the cater and within incline, and volcanic tuff and tufaceous clastic rock grows far from the crater.④Primary porosity, corrosion porosity and fracture grow in the upper Carboniferous for- mation in Malang sag.Effective matching of porosity and fracute engenderes diversiform modalities of reservoir interspace, such as blowhole corrosion porosity corrosion fracture type, corrosion porosity fracture type, corrosion porosity contractive fracture intergranular porosity type. The reservoir as a whole belongs to low-porosity low-permeability grade, and its Petrophysical property can reach medium- porosity low- per meability grade after reconstruction. The key controlling factors of reservoir’s Petrophysical property include volcanism, structural process, and epigenetic diagenesis,etc.⑤The forming of volcanic lithology trap lies on volcanic lithology, lithology facies and the reservoir’s post- reconstructive process, thus lithology - stratum trap, lithology trap and lithology-tectonic trap grow. Three representative types of volcanic oil pool such as lithology-stratum oil pool in Niudong zone, lithology oil pool in well block Ma36 and lithology-tectonicoil pool, come into being depending on the spatio-temporal matching of all conditions as ascendant reservoir of Kalagang unit and Haerkawu unit of the upper Carboniferous,potent trap, plenitudinous hydrocarbon resource of Haerkawu unit of the upper Carboniferous, hydrocarbon resource frature and cap condition from terminal Hercynian period to terminal Indo-China period. The key controlling factors of volcanic oil pool include volcanic lithology, lithology facies, fracture, erosion zone, hydrocarbon resource and age-old tectonic background, and the forming of volcanic reconstructive reservoir is the key factor of oil pool forming.⑥According to the hydrocarbon distributing order- liness of Kalagang unit and Haerkawu unit of the upper Carboniferous stratum in Ma lang sag that hydrocarbon distributes along three erosion lines（ namely erosion line of mid- upper Triassic, erosion line of Tiaohu unit of upper Permian, erosion line of Lucaogou unit of upper Permian） and two sur-faces（namely unconformity surface and interim surface of volcanic outburst）, henceforth hydrocarbon prospecting should proceeds with three zones in Malang sag （namely volcanic airslaked leached zone, volcanic inside story zone, and clasolite lithology zone）, and expandsactively with new domain and new position.更多还原