【作者】 李洪普；

【导师】 张寿庭；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 祁漫塔格地区是东、西昆仑成矿带的纽带,是青海省铁、铅、锌、铜、钴等矿产的主要矿集区。本文在成矿系列理论的指导下,引用板块构造、矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床、斑岩型铜矿床、热液型多金属矿床及微量元素迁移等方面的基本观点,在分析区域地质背景、梳理含矿层位及控矿岩性的基础上,选择典型矿床,即四角羊铁多金属矿床、群力铁铜矿床、卡尔却卡铜矿床、肯德可克铁钴金矿床,进行成矿地质特征与矿床地球化学特征研究,通过剖析控矿因素、成矿地质条件、成矿机理,总结了研究区成矿规律,建立了区域成矿模式。本次研究工作中主要认识如下:1、祁漫塔格成矿区处于昆北断裂和昆南断裂所夹持的晚古生代～中生代岩浆弧构造环境,出露地层由老到新为上太古界～下元古界、中元古界、上元古界、上古生界中生界及新生界。区内岩浆侵入较广泛,主要发育华力西期～早印支期和晚印支期～喜山期中酸性侵入岩。地质构造演化经历了4个大的阶段:第一阶段(2500～513Ma),古柴达木板块形成,经历了三次克拉通化作用;第二阶段(513～386Ma),西域板块形成,在昆北、昆中发生了多岛洋俯冲碰撞;第三阶段(386～0.78Ma),昆仑山北缘逆断层带形成,发生了古、中及新特提斯洋的发生、发展、至消亡,酸性岩浆侵入;第四阶段(0.78Ma～现在),东昆仑山隆升,新构造事件发生。这四个阶段中,前两个阶段对研究区成矿产生了重要作用。2、研究区印支期花岗岩对成矿意义重大。根据其内的稀土元素中Eu的亏损程度,提出该岩体同时具有两种成因特征:在花岗岩浆与围岩接触部位,发生同化作用;花岗岩浆内部,发生结晶分异作用。3、金水口群白沙河组、滩间山群及上古生界缔敖苏组等含碳酸盐岩的地层,与区内花岗岩发生接触交代作用的同时成矿。构造对成矿的控制作用表现为:通过控制岩浆岩的空间分布,间接控制矿体;对成岩成矿起深部导岩导矿作用,或者在地层中通过引起各类裂隙系统,控制矿体的分布。4、研究区形成了与印支期岩浆岩有关的多金属矿成矿系列:在碳酸盐岩分布区形成与接触带、构造裂隙有关的矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床,在斑岩体构造裂隙内形成斑岩型铜钼矿床,在硅质岩、变余碎屑岩等分布区的构造裂隙内形成热液型银、金及钴矿床。5、在综合分析地质—综合找矿信息的基础上,开展了矿区成矿预测,分析了各矿区找矿前景,并认为四角羊铁多金属矿区深部可寻找斑岩型铜矿,四角羊矿区C4磁异常区、乌兰拜兴铁矿区外围、乌兰乌珠儿尔铁多金属矿区可寻找矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床,莫河下拉银多金属矿区及拉陵灶火铁锰矿区可寻找热液型铁多金属矿床。更多还原

【Abstract】 Qimantage metallogenic belt, the bond of the East and West Kunlun metallogenic belt, is the major ore concentrated area of iron, lead, zinc, copper, cobalt and other minerals in Qinghai Province. In this paper, under the guidance of the theories of minerogenetic series, plate tectonics and trace elements migration, and the mineral deposit models of skarn-type deposit, porphyry copper deposit and hydrothermal ore deposit, the author analyzed the regional geological setting, and studied geological and geochemical characteristics and controlling factors and metallogenic mechanism of Qunli Fe-Cu deposit, Kaerqueka copper deposit, Kendekeke Fe-Co-Au deposit in Qimantage area, and thus summed up the regional metallogeny, and established the regional metallogenic model.The following are major achievement obtained in this paper:1. Qimantage metallogenic belt is bounded by the North-Kunlun fault to the north and the South-Kunlun fault to the south. The stratigraphic sequence cropping out in the study area ranges from Upper Archean to Cenozoic in age. Magmatic rocks occur widely in the study area, mainly consisting of Variscan to early Indosinian and late Indosinian to Himalayan intermediate-acid intrusive rocks. The tectonic evolution of the Qimantage area is generally subdivided into four stages: (1) the formation of the ancient Qaidam plate(2500 - 513Ma) through cratonization for three times; (2) the formation of Western China Craton (513—386Ma) through the subduction between several islands in North and Middle Kunlun Mountains; (3) the formation of the reverse fault zone in the northern margin of Kunlun Mountains(386 - 0.78Ma), with the opening, evolution, and closure of the ancient and the Neo- Tethys Ocean and acidic magma intrusion; (4) The uplift of the East Kunlun Mountains (0.78 to now), marked the beginning of the Neotectonic Movement. The first and second stages played an important role in mineralization of the area.2. Indosinian granite in the study area is of great significance for mineralization. Based on the 5 Eu value, the study suggest that the granite in contact zone between granite and wall-rock formed by assimilation, and the granite in the inner of granitic body generated by crystallization.3. Granite and carbonate contact metasomatism and mineralization occurred simultaneously. The carbonate strata consist of the Baishahe Formation in Jinshuikou Group, the Tanjianshan Group and the Upper Paleozoic Di’aosu group. Faults control mineralization by defining the distribution of igneous rocks which controls orebody indirectly, by leading ore mining from the deep role, or by generating various types of fracture system in strata to control the distribution of ore bodies.4. Polymetallic metallogenic series related to Indosinian period granite developed in the studying area: contact zone- and fracture-related skarn-type Fe-polymetallic deposits developed in carbonate area, porphyry-type copper-molybdenum deposit occurred in the fracture of porphyry body, and hydrothermal silver, gold and cobalt ore deposit formed in the fracture of siliceous rocks and blastoclastic rocks.5. By analyzing integrated geological and prospecting information, metallogenic prediction and mining prospecting is evaluated and it is proposed that porphyry copper deposit could prospect in the depth of the Siyangjiao polymetallic ore district, skarn-type Fe-polymetallic deposit could prospect around C4 magnetic anomaly zone in Siyangjiao and Wulanbaixing ore district, and hydrothermal Fe-polymetallic deposit could prospect around Mohexiala and Lalingzaohuo polymetallic ore district.更多还原