江南文化的诗性精神研究

【作者】 刘永；

【导师】 刘士林；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 “江南文化的诗性精神”这一选题的提出首先是当今学术界比较文化研究和地域文化研究兴盛的结果;其次,是中国诗性文化研究和江南诗性文化研究的延续;再次,是江南在历史上的文化魅力以及今天在中国的重要地位的吸引力的结果;最后,从现实意义上来看,“江南文化的诗性精神研究”对当今社会都市化进程中的城市文化建设以及人们的生活方式和精神态度有重要的启示意义。本文首先对历代学者关于江南文化特征的论述进行了一番梳理。古代的《世说新语》、《北史》等著作主要对南北朝时期南北学术和文学的不同作了论述。近代学者以梁启超、刘师培、王国维为代表一方面将南北文化的比较从时间上扩展到整个古代,从空间上扩展到文化的各个方面,另一方面从地理环境方面提出了南北文化差异的根本原因。当代学者的进展表现在:一是他们从哲学的产生及其影响上寻找南北文化的根本差异及其代表,即他们对江南文化与道家文化的关系作了更进一步的论述;二是他们对南北文化的总体差异进行了哲学美学高度上的探索,并且将南方文化独立出来进行研究,又进一步将江南文化独立出来进行研究,并创立了“江南诗性文化”理论。本为认为上述观点存在两个误区:一是夸大了地理环境对文化的影响,认为南北文化的不同皆是由于地理环境的差异造成,落入了地理环境决定论的误区;二是本然地认为道家文化是南方文化的产物和代表,甚至将南方文化等同于道家文化。在破除这两个误区之后,本文首先从江南诗性文化的历史形成过程给江南诗性文化理论建立一个更为坚实的基础。从客观原因来说,江南诗性文化是中原文化南传——主要是六朝时期和唐宋时期——并进一步发展的结果。从主观原因来说则是历代文人士大夫对江南的钟情与不断阐释的结果,其钟情和阐释的动因源于地理环境、政治、经济、南北文化的不同发展等各个方面。其次,本文给江南诗性文化做了界定,对其内涵做了进一步的阐释,如江南轴心期之前,江南文化是怎样发展变化的?江南诗性文化是轴心期的江南人面临挑战的痛苦产物吗?等等。并对江南诗性文化理论的成立条件和重要意义作了说明。随后,本文又进一步描述了江南文化诗性精神的诸多外在表现。第三,在上述基础上,本文从四个方面对江南诗性精神的核心内容做了集中探索。一是哲学阐释,江南诗性精神在本质上是诗与哲学的统一,诗与哲学的统一造就了亦诗亦哲的江南诗哲。二是主体阐释,江南诗性的主体的象征是魏晋风度和名士风流,其核心精神则是能入乎情内又能出乎情外,这种情表现在对一切美好事物的怜惜。三是空间阐释,江南诗性空间是物质和精神的统一,是写实和理想的完美结合,它能为人们创造出三种不同的诗性境界,对当代都市文化建设具有重要启示。四是诗意生活理想的阐释,江南诗意生活表现在江南人的一生构想、情爱理想、林泉之思上,本文据此给出了一个诗意生活方式所需要的五个要素。最后,本文结语部分在简单地描述了江南诗性文化面临的三种困境后认为,我们不必为古典江南诗性文化的衰落感到惋惜,因为江南诗性文化本来就是中原文化南传并不断发展的结果,现在,西方文化的涌入江南并不断发展,也许并不是坏事,江南诗性文化在吸纳、融合西方文化之后,也许会有一个更高的发展。当然,我们不能听天由命,而是在认清这种情势的基础上,充分发挥主观能动性,努力创造出一个更为辉煌的新江南诗性文化。更多还原

【Abstract】 “The poetic spirit in Jiangnan Culture”topic brought up due to two reasons; first of all, it is the result that the research on Comparative cultures and Regional Culture flourishes in contemporary academe. Secondly, it is the continuation of Chinese Poetic Culture and Jiangnan Culture. Thirdly, it also because of the culture charm of Jiangnan in history and the attraction of its important status in contemporary China. Lastly, in terms of realistic meaning,“The poetic spirit in Jiangnan Culture”topic gives important inspiration to contemporary society which in Urbanization Process,as well as the life style of the people and their spirit attitude.First of all, Jiangnan Culture is classified according to its feature. The main idea in ancient literature“Shi Shuo Xin Yu”and“northern history”is about learning and literary difference between Southern and Northern in Southern and Northern Dynasties, on the one hand, as the representative figures, Modern academician Liang Qichao, Liu Shipei, Wang Guowei draws comparison between Southern and Northern culture, theirs research range extended to entire ancient times, and developed from spatial to all cultural aspects. On the other hand, in terms of the geography environment aspects, the fundamental cause has been explored and studied by them. From two points we can see the contemporary academicians have further researched, The first evidence is that they have explored and figured out what philosophy produced and what inspiration it brings, the aim is to find out the Fundamental differences and its representation between southern and northern culture, that means they have had further discussion about the relationship between Jiangnan culture and Taoism culture. The second evidence is they have explored all kinds of difference between southern and northern by Philosophy of Aesthetics ,they studied the southern culture and Jiangnan as separately subjects, furthermore, they chose Jiangnan culture which is a part of Southern culture as the separately subject, therefore, a new theory has been constructed, its name called“Jiangnan poetic culture”. In this article , I have pointed out two errors in above viewpoints: Firstly, Although geography environment influences culture, but the influence power has been over exaggerated, People in the history believe that the geography environment discrepancy causes the difference between Southern and Northern culture, it is the Determinism of Geographical Environment mistake. Secondly, The people in the history believe that the Taoist Culture is the product and representation of Southern culture,even thought that the Southern culture equally to Taoist Culture.After figured out two errors, the foundation of Jiangnan poetic culture which was constructed during its formation in history is getting more and more solid. Objectively, Jiangnan poetic is spread from Central Plains to Southern, In Six Dynasties period and Tang and Song Dynasties, it has been developed further. Subjectively, it is the result that the Literati in history is in deep love with Jiangnan and kept giving positive commons on it, the positive commons they gave is because The reason why they gave positive commons is because of the geography environment ,politics, economic and different development directions of Southern and Northern culture and so on. Besides of above reason, this paper also sets boundary in Jiangnan poetic culture, explains more about the meaning of it, for example, How does Jiangnan culture changed before the Axial Period? Is Jiangnan poetic culture a production of the Axial Period when people suffer from the pain that the battle brings to them? In the meantime it also explained the establishing conditions of Jiangnan poetic culture theory and its important connotation. Later on, this paper takes further step to describe the external manifestations of Jiangnan poetic culture spirit. Thirdly, just as mentioned above, this paper explores more about the core value of Jiangnan poetic spirit from four aspects. The first aspect is the explanation by philosophy, the essence of Jiangnan poetic spirit is the combination of poem and philosophy, therefore we can see the Jiangnan poetic culture has both feature. The second aspect is the explanation of the main body, the core value of Jiangnan poetic culture is the cool life style and the bearing of the people who live in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The core sprit of Jiang Nan poetic culture is the abundant emotion which means cherishes all beautiful things. Although it has such emotion but for sure it will not be disturbed by it. The third aspect is the explanation of the space, Jiangnan poetic space is the combination of material and sprit, it is the product of realism and idea which is the perfect combination, it can create three different poetic levels, and it provides a big inspiration to contemporary urban culture construction. The fourth aspect is the explanation of the poetic ideal life. Jiangnan poetic life presented in the whole life conception of the people, also in their love ideal and the dream of the nature,according to such poetic life style ,this paper provides five“must have”elements. In the conclusion of this paper, I have simply mentioned the three difficult positions that Jiangnan poetic culture in, we do not need feel pity for the fall traditional Jiangnan poetic culture, because the poetic culture formed by the central China culture which spreads to the southern and keep developing later on.At present, Jiangnan absolved Western culture and keep developing, maybe it is not negative thing, after absolving and mixing with the western culture, Jiangnan poetic culture will have a higher status. For sure, we cannot willing to give in to our fate, base on a clear understanding of this situation, we should push ourselves to create a greater new Jiang Nan poetic culture.更多还原